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年产10万吨合成氨工艺设计设计说明书:合成氨是用途十分广泛的化工原料 , 是生产尿素、磷酸铵、硝酸铵等化学肥料的主要原料。将氨氧化制成硝酸，不仅可用于制造肥料（硝酸铵，硝酸磷肥等），亦是重要的化工原料，可制成各种炸药。所以为了提高农产品产量，需要大量生产合成氨。
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碳化煤球由于原料价格低、供给量充裕等优点，逐渐成为生产半水煤气以合成氨的主要方法。因此本文是以碳化煤球制半水煤气为原料，逐步进行造气、脱硫、变换、压缩、合成几个工段来制的合成氨进行设计的。随着化工工业的快速发展，化工产品已经无处不在。因此化工设计的任务越来越重。其一，在化工生产中，通过运用化工设计方面的知识和方法，可以实现对化工厂（车间）的改建和扩建，对单元操作设备或整个装置进行生产能力标定和技术经济指标评定；对工艺流程进行评价；发现薄弱环节和不合理现象以及挖掘生产潜力等等。其二，在科学研究中，从小型实验到中试放大，以至投入工业生产，都离不开设计。从近代石油化学工业发展过程来看，科学研究工作日益占有重要地位。而要使科学研究成果转变成生产力，即实现工业化，必须把科研与设计紧密结合起来进行新工艺、新产品以及新设备等开发工作。其三，在基本建设中，设计是基本建设的首要环节，是现成施工的依据。从单个设备到全套装置，从一个小型化工厂（车间）到大型化工企业，它们在建设施工之前都必须先作好工程设计。要想建成一个质量优良、水平先进的化工装置，重要的先决条件是要有高质量、高水平的设计。提高设计的质量和速度对基本建设事业的发展起着关键性的促进作用。
总之，化工设计对新厂（车间或装置）建设，老厂改造挖潜，小试或中试装置建立都具有极其重要的作用。也可以说，设计是生产的前导，是科研成果转化为工业化大生产的必经途径。
本文主要针对碳化煤球制合成氨的工艺流程进行了全面设计，化工工艺设计的范围包括工艺流程设计、工艺布置设计、工艺计算等设计，包括物料衡算，热量衡算，以及对其工艺流程图的绘制和简单的平面布置图的绘制；并对其主要设备进行了计算设计选型，设计中由于经验的缺乏，可能设计不是足够令人满意，希望老师能够给予指出。22257
毕业论文关键词： 碳化煤球；合成氨；造气；脱硫；变换；压缩；合成
A Process Design for300,000 Tons of Synthetic Ammonia Per Year Instruction manual:
Synthetic Ammonia is a kind of widely used chemical raw materials, it is used to production ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate fertilizer and other chemical raw materials. The oxidation of ammonia into nitric acid, not only for the manufacture of fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, nitric acid phosphate, etc.), is also an important chemical raw material, can be made of explosives. Therefore, in order to improve agricultural production, mass production of ammonia needed.
Due to the way of Low-carbon oxidation in low prices in raw material, supply of abundant, semi-water gas production has become the main method to ammonia. This article is semi-water gas as raw materials, step by step gasification, desulfurization, transform, compression, synthetic ammonia system of several Section to be designed.
Along with the chemical industry fast development, the chemical product already the omnipresent there is no place did not have. Therefore the chemical design duty is more and more heavy. First, in the chemical production, through transporting chemical industry design aspect knowledge and the method, may realize to the chemical factory (workshop) rebuilding and extension, carries on the productivity to the unit operation equipment or the entire installment to demarcate with the technology economic indicator evaluates; carries on the appraisal to the technical process; discovers the weak link and unreasonable phenomenon as well as excavation productive potential and so on. Second, in scientific research, since childhood experimental to experimental enlargement, down to the investment industrial production, all cannot leave the design. Looked from the modern times photochemistry industrial development process that, the research holds the important status day by day. But if we want cause the scientific research achievement to transform the productive forces, namely realizing industrialization, We must carry on the scientific research and design in close integration with new development work and so on craft, new product as well as new equipment. Third, in the capital construction, design is the capital construction most important link, is the ready-made construction basis. From single equipment to complete set installment, from a miniaturized factory (workshop) to large-scale petroleum chemical industry enterprise, they all must first finish the engineering design before construction. If we want to complete a good quality and advanced level chemical industry installment, the important precondition is must have a high level and high grade design. Enhancing the design’s quality and speed is the crucial promoter action to the capital construction enterprise development.
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