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摘要：此次设计精馏塔内的介质为丙烯，塔的设计温度为127℃，设计压力为1.94Mpa，塔径2000mm，塔高46m，筛板塔，塔板数：80。塔设备是生产过程中一种重要的单元操作设备，它广泛应用于化工、炼油、医药、食品及环境保护等工业部门。本次设计中首先考虑到工艺条件等因素，塔体的材料选用了Q345R。其次对塔进行了强度和稳定性校核，计算了质量载荷，塔的自振周期、地震载荷与地震弯矩、风载荷与风弯矩。进行了圆筒轴向应力校核和裙座轴向应力校核。通过计算得出强度和稳定性都符合要求。然后通过比较不同的元件，分别对吊柱、吊耳、塔盘、设备接管、法兰、平台及扶梯进行了设计选择。最后利用有限元软件对该精馏塔进行有限元分析，检验精馏塔在风载荷作用下是否满足强度要求。6756
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关键词：板式塔；丙烯；精馏塔；压力容器；有限元
Design propylene distillation column in Ethylene plant
Abstract：The media of this design of Propylene distillation column in Ethylene plant design temperature is 127°C, design pressure is 1.94Mpa.The diameter of column is 2000mm, and height is 46m, which is Sieve-plate column and has 80 trays. Column is important process equipment, which is widely used in petrochemical, pharmacy, food, environment protection and so on. Based on process conditions, Q345R was chosen as column material. Stiffening was made at open pore region and stiffening rings was chosen. The strength and the stability of the column were checked including calculating mass loads, self-vibrations cycles, earthquake loads, earthquake moments, wind loads, wind moments. The axial stresses in cylindrical shell and skirt support were checked. The strength and the stability of the column were eligible. And by comparing different components, davits, sag ears, trays, tubes, flanges, flats and ladders were designed and chosen.
Key Words：tray column；xylene；distillation column；pressure vessel；finite element
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题简介 1
1.1.1 装置概况 1
1.1.2 精馏原理 1
1.1.3 装置特点 1
1.1.4 课题任务 1
1.2 文献综述 2
1.2.1 工艺简介 2
1.2.2 研究意义 2
1.3 国内外课题的研究进展及存在问题 4
1.3.1研究现状 4
1.3.2模拟数据与实际数据的对比 4
1.3.3 研究方向 4
1.3.4 问题解决和技术进展 5
1.4 毕业设计内容 6
1.4.1 塔型的选择 6
1.4.2 塔设备主要结构尺寸的确定 6
1.4.3 塔盘型式设计 6
1.4.4 塔盘结构设计 7
1.4.5塔盘的机械计算 7
1.4.6塔盘的支承结构 7
1.4.7 塔设备强度设计和稳定校核 7
1.5难点和创新 8
2 塔内件设计 9
2.1 总体结构 9
2.2 塔盘 9
2.3 人孔 10
2.4 降液管 11
2.5 溢流堰 12
2.6 设备接管 12
2.6.1 进料管 12
2.6.2 出料管 13
2.6.3 进气管 13
2.7 平台及扶梯 15
2.8 管法兰 15
2.9 本章小结 17
3 筒体封头材料选择与塔设备结构设计 18
3.1 精馏塔设计参数 18
3.2 圆筒材料选择 18
3.3 厚度设计 19