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摘要目前，吸附工艺在放射性废水处理中得到很快发展，该工艺主要利用吸附剂对放射性核素有很高的选择性。吸附材料的吸附性能与其吸附目标核素有很大的关系，一种吸附剂只对一种或几种放射性核素同时有很高的选择性和吸附容量[1]。近年来国内外已将沸石应用于放射性废水处理。沸石在水处理工艺中常用作为吸附剂，但它同时还兼有离子交换剂和过滤剂的作用[2-3]。沸石与其他无机吸附剂相比，具有较大的吸附能力和净化效果,本试验采用人工模拟放射性废水，进行吸附动态实验,得出沸石吸附的影响因素和最佳控制条件，从而确定影响沸石吸附效果的因素，pH 值是影响铀去除率的主要因素, 吸附铀的最佳pH=2-3, 铀初始浓度越高, 沸石的吸附量越高，吸附效率越低。同时考察不同孔结构的沸石等有序多孔材料的吸附效率，得到有序多孔吸附材料的孔径与其吸附性能之间的关联规律，为铀矿冶放射性废水治理及其中放射性核素的分离、富集和资源化利用提供理论8111
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关键词 低放射性废水 铀 吸附 沸石 多孔材料 Title Title Title Title Adsorption Behavior of Uranium-beating Wastewater in
Ordered Porous Materials
Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract
Currently,the adsorption which mainly uses the high selectivity of the
adsorbent for radionuclides has been quickly developed in the radioactive
wastewater treatment.The adsorption properties of the adsorption material
has a great relationship with the target nuclide of the adsorption-an
adsorbent has a high selectivity and adsorption capacity for only one or
a few radionuclides.Zeolite has been used in the radioactive wastewater
treatment at home and abroad in recent years,and is often used as adsorbent
in water treatment process,but it also acts as the ion exchange agent and
the filtering agent at the same time.Compared with other inorganic
adsorbent,zeolite has a larger capacity of adsorption and effect of
purifying.This test conducted adsorption dynamic experiments using the
artificial simulation of radioactive wastewater,and obtained the factors
affecting the adsorption of zeolite and optimal controlling
conditions,thus determining the factors affecting the effect of zeolite
adsorption.pH is a major factor affecting uranium removal efficiency,and
the optimum of which for the adsorption of uranium is pH=2-3.The higher
uranium initial concentration,the higher adsorption capacity of the
zeolite,and the lower adsorption efficiency.Meanwhile,the adsorption
efficiency of ordered porous materials like the different pore structure
of zeolites was investigated,getting the association rules between the
aperture and its adsorption properties of the ordered porous adsorbent
material, and providing the theoretical and experimental basis for the
radioactive wastewater treatment of uranium mining and milling and for the
separation, enrichment and resource utilization of radionuclides.
Keywords low-level radioactive wastewater uranium adsorption
zeolites porous materials 目 次
1 绪论 .. 1
1.1 研究背景及目标 .. 1
1.2 放射性废水介绍及其处理现状 .. 2
1.2.1 放射性废水的来源和特征. 2
1.2.2 放射性废水的危害 . 3
1.2.3 通过吸附处理放射性废水的现状. 3
1.3 放射性废水中铀的测量方法 . 3
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