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摘要：随着国民经济和电力负荷的迅速增长，电网容量也随之增长，电力需求越来越大，发展电力产业已刻不容缓。本文根据任务书要求以300MW锅炉机组的热力系统和燃烧器系统设计计算为例，简述了大型电站煤粉锅炉设计的步骤和方法。本次设计根据给定的设计任务书，参考相关资料，结合工程实际情况，在分析电站锅炉的基本构造、工作过程及特性的基础上，对1025t/h 300MW燃煤电站锅炉进行设计，锅炉的主题采用经典的Π型结构，燃烧方式采用四角切圆燃烧，在炉膛出口位置布置凝渣管，水平烟道布置立式对流过热器，在垂直的下行烟道中依次布置上级空气预热器，上、下级省煤器，下级空气预热器。在本设计进行了炉膛设计计算、锅炉各对流受热面的设计计算，并进行了反复校核，使设计更加合理。8852
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关键词：锅炉结构；炉膛热力计算；空气预热器；省煤器；过热器
Design of the Power Plant Boiler
Abstract：With the rapid growth of the national economy and power load, power capacity and the demand for electricity also increase, the development of power industry has become essential. In this paper, the calculation design for thermodynamic system and burner system of 300MW boiler, for example, describes the design steps and methods of the large-scale coal power plant boiler. This design according to the given design specification, this design combines the operation experience of the project practice and consult the relevant design data, a 1025t/h 300MW power coal-fired plant boiler is designed on the basis of consulting concerning references and analyzing basic structure ,working process and general features of the boiler. We adopt typical Π type boiler and tangential firing burner, the slag screen is distributed at the outer gate of the furnace and Vertical convection super heater is distributed in the horizontal flue. Higher and lower level air pre-heaters and economizers are distributed connectedly in the vertical flue. This design includes calculation of furnace, convective heating surface of the boiler and rechecking the calculation to make the design more reasonable
Keywords: Boiler structure; furnace energy calculation; air pre-heater; economizer; super heater
目录
1 绪论 1
2 锅炉基本结构和辅助计算 3
2.1 锅炉基本结构 3
2.2 燃料数据的分析和整理 4
2.3 空气平衡 4
2.4 燃料的燃烧计算 4
2.4.1 理论空气量和理论烟气量的计算 4
2.4.2 烟气和空气焓的计算 7
3 炉膛的热力计算 12
3.1煤粉燃烧器的型式和布置 12
3.1.1 燃烧室尺寸的确定 13
3.1.2 炉膛的宽度和深度 13
3.2 燃烧室炉墙面积的确定 13
3.3 燃烧室水冷壁的布置 14
3.4 燃烧室辐射吸热量的分配 18
3.4.1 凝渣管直接吸收燃烧室的辐射热量 18
4 对流受热面的设计 19
4.1 凝渣管束的设计与热力计算 19
4.2 过热器的设计与热力计算 22
4.3 省煤器的设计与热力计算 32
4.4 空气预热器的设计与热力计算 40
5 结论 47
致谢 48
参考文献 49
1 绪论
锅炉的作用是将燃料燃烧产生的热量通过受热面传递给工质，将水加热成蒸汽。在锅炉内进行着燃烧、传热、水循环、通风和汽水分离等工作过程。锅炉本体的设计即是指锅炉受热面的设计。锅炉本体通常由炉膛、对流管束、辅助受热面、锅筒及构架和炉墙等组成。