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摘要：稗草是世界性恶性杂草之一，生长于稻田多与水稻挣水分、养分和光照，造成水稻产量和质量的下降，而随着除草剂的使用，不少稗草对某些除草剂有了抗性或多抗性。本实验主要通过对五氟磺草胺胁迫下稗草光合作用能力的测定，从而推断出不同地区的稗草对五氟磺草胺的敏感性差异。实验结果表明，五氟磺草胺对稗草光合速率、最大光合作用、Rubisco酶活等指标有影响，但是不同稗草种群影响程度不同。比如五氟磺草胺处理下，南京和绍兴地区稗草叶绿素降低最为明显。3.75-60 g a.i. /hm2剂量处理4d后，南京和绍兴地区稗草叶片叶绿素含量较相同种群空白对照分别明显下降14.89%-28.09%和17.92%-29.72%，而武汉地区稗草叶绿素含量无明显变化。34105
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毕业论文关键词：稗草、五氟磺草胺、光合作用、叶绿素
The different sensitivity of Echinochloa crusgalli in different areas to the penoxsulam
Abstract:Bamyardgrass(Echinochloa crusgalli) is a kind of worldwide troublesome weeds, which grows together with rice, and competes for water, nutrients and sunlight with rice. As a result the yield and quality of rice are decreased. Due to the use of herbicide, some species of bamyardgrass have possesed the resistance or multiple-resistance to some herbicides. In this paper, we determined the photosynthesis ability of bamyardgrass which was dealed with penoxsulam, so we could infer the difference in sensitivity of bamyardgrass in different areas. The results showed that penoxsulam had an effect on the photosynthetic rate, maximum photosynthesis and Rubisco activity of barnyardgrass, but the effects of different bamyardgrass populations were different. For example, the reduction of leaf chlorophyll content of bamyardgrass in Nanjing and Shaoxing was the most obvious, which were respectively decreased by 14.89% - 28.09% and 17.92% - 29.72% after 4 days of treatment by the concentration treatment of 3.75-60 g a.i./hm2. While the leaf chlorophyll content of bamyardgrass was not obvious in the area of Wu han.
Key words: Echinochloa crusgalli, penoxsulam, Photosynthesis, chlorophyll
目 录
摘要1
关键词1
Abstract…1
Key words1
1 引言1
2 实验材料与设计2
2.1 实验材料…2
2.2 实验设计…2
2.3 测定指标…2
2.3.1 叶绿素测定2
2.3.2 光合参数测定…2
2.3.3 叶绿素荧光参数测定2
2.3.4 Rubisco活性测定2
2.3.5 整株生物活性测定2
2.4 数据分析…2
3 结果与分析3
3.1 不同稗草经五氟磺草胺处理后在叶绿素含量和最大光化学效率的差异3
3.2 不同稗草经五氟磺草胺处理后在光合作用的差异4
3.3 不同稗草经五氟磺草胺处理后在Rubisco活性的差异5
3.4 不同地区稗草经过五氟磺草胺处理后的生物活性差异5
4 讨论… 6
致谢…7
参考文献…7
不同地区的稗草种群对五氟磺草胺的敏感性差异
1引言
稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)是一年生或多年生禾本科稗属植物的总称，目前全世界已发现约有 15 种稗草，中国有 8种[1]。稗草是世界性恶性杂草之一，对我国农作物的危害也位居农田15种严重危害杂草之首。其多生长于稻田、玉米地等，会与农作物挣水分、养分和光照，对农作物危害极大。同时由于稗草与水稻具有亲缘近似性，两者在生物学特性方面极为相似，稗草和水稻又分属C4和C3植物，因此稗草在与水稻竞争中往往占据明显优势，生长势和抗逆性强，影响水稻正常生长发育和产量形成 [2]。中国主要稗草有8个种和3个变种：:湖南稗子(Echinochloa crus-galli frumentaceae)、水田稗(E.oryzoides)、细叶旱稗(E.crus-galli var praticola)、硬稃稗(E.glabrescens)、光头稗(E.colona)、长芒稗(E.caudata)、孔雀稗(E.cruspavonis)、稗复合群(稗原变种E.crus-galli var.crus-galli、无芒稗var.mitis、短芒稗var.breviseta和西来稗var.zelayensis) [1]。1990年刁正俗又发现一个新种—宿穗稗[3]。自从Ryan于1970年首次报道[4]，在华盛顿州西部发现北千里光(Senecio dubitabilis)对三氮苯类除草剂芬去津(Atrazine)产生抗药性后，对抗药性杂草研究的序幕便揭开了。