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摘要：本文采用石蜡切片法在光学显微镜下对高羊茅（Festuca elata）的营养器官解剖结构进行了观察。结果表明：高羊茅根由表皮、皮层和文管柱组成，表皮细胞外壁明显加厚，皮层具较发达的通气组织，有髓部，髓部的基本组织细胞壁明显加厚。根状茎由表皮、皮层和文管柱组成，表皮细胞外壁具角质层，文管柱外围具明显的厚壁机械组织带。叶由表皮、叶肉和叶脉组成，表皮上具刚毛，上表皮具泡状细胞，表皮细胞外壁具角质层，细胞壁呈明显的波纹状，表皮上气孔器的保卫细胞为哑铃型。根表皮细胞外壁加厚，根状茎皮层由大量具发达液泡的薄壁细胞组成，叶中含泡状细胞，茎叶表皮均具角质层，这些特征使高羊茅具一定的抗旱性。高羊茅叶表皮细胞具较发达的角质层，叶肉及根状茎文管束丰富且含有大量厚壁机械组织，使高羊茅具有较好的耐践踏性。50564
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毕业论文关键词：高羊茅；营养器官；解剖结构；抗旱性；耐践性
Study on Anatomical Structures of Vegetative Organs of
Abstract:This paper deals with the anatomical structures of vegetative organs by using paraffin method under the optical microscope. The results are as follows.The roots consisted of epidermis, cortex and vascular cylinder.The wall of epidermis cells was obviously thickened. There was highly developed aerenchyma in the cortex. There was pith in vascular cylinder, with wall of ground tissue cells obviously thickened. The rhizome consisted of cortex and vascular cylinder. There was cuticulas on the epidermis.There was obvious sclerenchyma around vascular cylinder. Leaves consisted of epidermis, mesophyll and vein. There were trichomes and bulliform cells in the epidermis. The wall of epidermal cells with cuticula had a corrugated appearance.Guard cells of stomatals apparatus shaped like dumbbell were observed in the epidermis.Some characteristics of vegetative organs of Festuca elata were relative to drought resistance:the wall of epidermis cells of roots were thickened;a large member of parenchyma cells made up cortex of rhizome;there was bulliform cells in the leafs;there was cuticulas on the epidermis of the rhizome and leaves. The following character was involved in trampling resistance: cuticula of leaves, and a lot of vascnlars and sclerenchymas of leaves and rhizome.
Key words: Festuca elata; Vegetative organs; Anatomical structure; Drought resistance; Trampling resistance
目录
引言 1
1 材料与方法 2
1.1供试材料 2
1.2实验方法 2
2 结果与分析 3
2.1高羊茅根的结构 3
2.2高羊茅根状茎的结构 3
2.3高羊茅叶的结构 3
3 讨论 5
3.1营养器官解剖结构与其抗旱性 6
3.2营养器官解剖结构与其耐践性 6
致谢 7
参考文献 7
引言高羊茅是国内应用较为广泛的冷季型草坪草。因其有极强的抗逆性和较长的绿期，适用于多种土壤和气候，建植后草坪质量高，生态效益显著，深受人们喜爱[1]。
为了使草坪业更好的投入到城市绿化中，人们对草坪草的环境适应性做了很多研究。武春霞等[2]研究了三种草坪草的耐盐性,得出黑麦草(Lolium perenne)盐性最强,其次是高羊茅,草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)最差。徐佩贤等[3]发现三种草坪草在镉（Cd）污染的土壤上有很高的耐受力。陈伟等[4]对草坪草在重金属离子胁迫下的生长特性进行研究，为重金属污染土壤中草坪草种植的适宜性研究提供参考。韩文辉[5]研究了再生水灌溉对高温胁迫下草坪草根系生长及抗氧化系统的影响，结果表明再生水灌溉刺激高温胁迫下高羊茅和多年生黑麦草保持较强的生理优势，草地早熟禾则在再生水和高温胁迫的双重作用下生长发育受阻。向仰州等[6]对草坪草在磷石膏基质的生长适应性进行研究，对磷石膏堆场植被恢复中草种的选用具有参考价值。田佳等[7]对三种草坪草的根系进行抗拉和剪切试验，结果表明植物根系平均单根抗拉强度从大到小依次为高羊茅、多年生黑麦草、草地早熟禾；与无根土相比根土复合体抗剪强度平均增长幅度从大到小依次为草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅。