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摘要：中国作为一个抗生素生产和滥用大国，现在正面临着由于抗生素的滥用而带来的一系列问题，抗生素的滥用不单单是在人身上，而且在家禽养殖方面，饲料中抗生素的滥用现象更加严重。抗生素的滥用导致自然环境中水体与土壤均有抗生素的残留，影响植物的生长。本研究以萝卜、鸡毛菜、上海青和朝天椒这4种常见的蔬菜种子作为研究对象，通过蔬菜种子的发芽率、根长、芽长、幼苗干重与鲜重的测定，研究了盐酸左氧氟沙星、青霉素钠、阿奇霉素和头孢唑林这4中抗生素的不同浓度处理对4种蔬菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明：盐酸左氧氟沙星和阿奇霉素处理组浓度为50mg/L的时候对萝卜种子的萌发是有一定的促进作用，而青霉素钠和头孢唑林明显抑制了萝卜种子的萌发；四种抗生素基本上都是促进了鸡毛菜和上海青种子的萌发；而青霉素钠溶液完全抑制了朝天椒种子的萌发，相比对照，萝卜、鸡毛菜、上海青种子的萌发均受到了明显的抑制。盐酸左氧氟沙星处理浓度为50mg/L、青霉素钠处理浓度为50mg/L和100mg/L、阿奇霉素所有处理浓度和头孢唑林处理浓度在200mg/L促进了萝卜芽的生长；四种抗生素处理均明显促进了鸡毛菜和上海青幼苗的根和芽的生长；盐酸左氧氟沙星和阿奇霉素处理明显抑制朝天椒的根和芽的生长；青霉素钠较低处理浓度时（25mg/L）促进朝天椒幼苗根的生长，较高的处理浓度（200mg/L）则抑制朝天椒幼苗芽的生长；头孢唑林则对朝天椒幼苗生长完全是促进的。盐酸左氧氟沙星处理明显降低了萝卜幼苗的鲜重，阿奇霉素处理则明显增加了萝卜幼苗的鲜重，当青霉素钠处理浓度较高（>25mg/L）时，促进了萝卜幼苗鲜重的增加，较低浓度的头孢唑林处理（<200mg/L）抑制了萝卜幼苗鲜重的增加。40831
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毕业论文关键词：抗生素；蔬菜种子；发芽率；根长；芽长
Effects of Different Antibiotic on the Seed Germination and the Seedling Growth of Five species b vgetasbles
Abstract： Because of the abuse of antibiotics, now China is facing a serious problems. The abuse of antibiotics leads to antibiotics pollution of the natural environment, thus affects the growth of plants. Through the determination of germination rate, root length, bud length, shoot length, seedling fresh weight and dry weight of the crops, an experiment was carried out to explore the effects of different concentrations (25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, the control of 0 mg/L) of antibiotics (Levofloxacin hydrochloride, penicillin and azithromycin and cefazolin sodiumon ) the seed germination and seedling growth of 4 species vegetables (radish, Chinese little greens, Shanghai green and pod pepper). The results showed that: 50 mg/L Levofloxacin hydrochloride and azithromycin treatment promoted the germination of radish seeds, the penicillin sodium and cefazolin significantly inhibited the germination of radish seeds; Four kinds of antibiotics are basically promoted Chinese little greens and Shanghai green seed germination; But penicillin sodium treatment completely inhibited the pod pepper seed germination, and the seed germination of radish, Chinese little greens, Shanghai were obviously inhibited Compared with the control; 50 mg/L Levofloxacin hydrochloride treatment, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L penicillin sodium treatment , all azithromycin treatment and 200 mg/L cefazolin promoted the growth of radish sprouts; Four kinds of antibiotics treatment were significantly promoted the growth of roots and shoots Chinese little greens and Shanghai green seedlings; Levofloxacin hydrochloride and azithromycin treatment significantly inhibited the roots and shoots growth of pod pepper; Low concentration (25 mg/L) of penicillin sodium promoted the roots growth of pod pepper seedlings while high concentration (200 mg/L) inhibited the seedling growth of pod pepper. All Cefazolin treatment entirely promoted seedling growth of pod pepper. Levofloxacin hydrochloride treatment significantly reduced the radish seedling fresh weight. Azithromycin treatment significantly increased the fresh weight of radish seedlings. High concentration of penicillin sodium (> 25 mg/L) increased the radish seedling fresh weight and low concentration of cefazolin (< 200 mg/L) reduced the radish seedling fresh weight