摘要测量了17,25和33℃三个驯化温度下乌龟的运动(游泳和跑动)表现、选择体温以及耐受高低温。驯化温度显著影响乌龟的耐受高低温,但不影响其喜好温度。在13℃-33℃间乌龟游泳及跑动速度随着体温的上升而加快,但过高的温度则使其速度下降。反之,在13℃-33℃之间翻身时间随着体温的上升而缩短,在过高的温度中显示出小幅度增加。驯化温度也影响游泳和跑步速度,高温驯化的乌龟游泳和跑步的速度比低温驯化的乌龟快。选择体温随驯化温度的升高而升高,耐受高低温以驯化温度为中心水平移动。在相对温暖的温度下驯化的乌龟幼体的性能较好,支持了“热有益”的假设。相反的预测,动物的热适应性能力可能随着从水生到陆生生境的转变而减弱,类似的适应性变化在乌龟幼体从水生到陆地的运动过程中被发现。47653
毕业论文关键词:热驯化;热适应;乌龟;运动行为
Abstract
We measured the selected body temperature, critical thermal minimum and maximum and locomotor performances (running, swimming and righting) of 17, 25, 33℃-acclimated juvenile turtles, Chinemys reevesii. Thermal acclimation significantly affected thermal resistance, but not thermal preference of juvenile C. reevesii. Juvenile turtles acclimated to 17 °C were less resistant to high temperatures than those acclimated to 25 °C and 33 °C. However, turtles would increase resistance to low temperatures with decreasing acclimation temperature. Overall, swimming and running speed of turtles increased with increasing body temperature within the range of 13 to 33°C and decreased at higher body temperatures, whereas righting time decreased with increasing body temperature within the range of 13 to 33°C and slightly increased at higher body temperatures. Acclimation temperature affected both swimming and running speed, with high temperature-acclimated turtles swimming and running faster than low temperature-acclimated turtles, but did not affect righting performance.
Key words: Chinemys reevesii; Thermal acclimation; Thermal resistance; Thermal preference; Locomotor performance
目 录
引言 4
1. 材料与方法 5
1.1实验动物的饲养 5
1.2体温选择(Selected body temperature, Tsel) 5
1.3耐受低温(critical thermal minimum, CTMin) 5
1.4运动表现 6
1.5数据分析 6
2. 结果 7
2.1热驯化对耐受高低温和选择体温的影响 7
2.2热驯化对运动表现的影响 8
3. 讨论 9
参考文献 13
致谢 15
引言
外温动物的热适应是进化生理学的一个研究热点。国内外已有许多学者对不同外温动物(如蜥蜴、鱼类、昆虫等)开展有关热适应性的研究。热适应对许多变温动物的生理和行为表现的影响已有较多报道,但仍存在局限性。在热适应研究发展过程中多种假说被提出,这些假设包括:最适发育温度假说(Optimal developmental Temperature Hypothesis,OTH),预测在中间温度饲养的生物比在高温或低温中饲养的生物更健康;冷有益假说(Cooler is Better Hypothesis ,CBH),预测生物在凉爽的温度中比在中高温中更健康;热有益假说(Warmer is Better Hypothesis,WBH),提出在高温下的生物相对比在其他所有温度的生物更健康;驯化有益假说(Beneficial Acclimation Hypothesis,BAH)认为所有的驯化有利于提高生理性能或生物个体适应度。然而,出乎大多数研究者的意料,有许多实证检验否定其通用性。一些学者认为这些假说验证并不直接也不完整,有待更深入的研究和证实。