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摘要本研究用中华大蟾蜍或小白鼠作为食物饲养国产舟山眼镜蛇和孟加拉眼镜蛇，比较投饲不同食物前后两种眼镜蛇的排毒量特征和蛇毒组成情况。结果显示，投同种食物前后的舟山眼镜蛇排毒量干重存在显著差异；去除体长影响后，不同喂食组的同种眼镜蛇投饲食物前的排毒量特征不存在组间差异，但饲养后蟾蜍投饲组动物的排毒量指标要明显高于小白鼠投饲组。蛇毒各组分在高效液相色谱法和SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳下可以获得较大程度的分离，从两种眼镜蛇毒中分别鉴定到五种和六种蛋白家族。其中，三指结构毒素、磷脂酶A2和金属蛋白酶III是舟山眼镜蛇毒组要组分，投饲蟾蜍前分别占总量的67.17%、23.49%和8.84%，投饲后占67.67%、24.13%和7.78%；投饲小白鼠前分别占总量的68.93%、19.84%和10.56%，投饲后占69.06%、20.17%和10.15%。三指结构毒素、磷脂酶A2、半胱氨酸富集蛋白和Vespryn是孟加拉眼镜蛇毒主要组分，投饲蟾蜍前分别占总量的45.04%、23.35%、13.39%和13.77%，投饲后占49.84%、17.40%、12.13%和17.27%；投饲小白鼠前分别占总量的50.45%、19.97%、9.25%和17.47%，投饲后占51.42%、17.91%、10.57%和17.17%。卡方检验显示，动物短期内摄取不同的食物不会影响其蛇毒中各组分的相对百分含量。可见，食物的改变能影响动物排毒量鲜重和干重，但并不能对蛇毒各组分含量的构成模式产生较大幅度的影响。当然，也可能是饲养周期较短，食物类型对蛇毒各组分百分含量的构成尚未能形成明显影响。 51634
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Abstract
The research use the Bufo gargarigans or mice to be the food of Naja atra and Naja kaouthia, and then compare the character of their amount of venom as well as components of venom with different prey. According to the result, Naja atra which consumes same prey shows obvious difference in the dry weight of venom; Without the difference of length, the same kind of cobra’s dry weight of venom are almost the same whatever they have consumed, but the indicator of the amount of venom shows an obvious difference that the group feed with toad is higher than the group feed on mice. Snake venom components under reversed HPLC and SDS-PAGE can obtain larger degree of separation, from the two kinds of cobra venom were identified by five to six protien family. Among them, 3-FTx, PLA2 and SVMP-III are the main components of Naja atra,accouting for 67.17%,23.49% and 8.84% respectively before use toad as their food,and after the experiment,accounting for 67.67%,24.13% and 7.78% respectively; accouting for 68.93%,19.84% and 10.56% respectively before use mice as their food,and after the experiment, accounting for 69.06%,20.17% and 10.15% respectively; 3-FTx, PLA2, CRISP and Vespryn are the main components of the venom of Naja kaouthia,accouting for 45.04%,23.35%, 13.39% and 13.77% respectively before use toad as their food,and after the experiment, accounting for 49.84%,17.40%,12.13% and17.27% respectively;accouting for 50.45%,19.97%,9.25% and 17.47% respectively before use mice as their food, and after the experiment, accounting for 51.42%,17.91% ,10.57% and 17.17% respectively.Chi-square test shows, whatever animals consume in a short term, it won’t change the relative percentage of the components in the venom. Thus we know, the change of food may have influence in the dry weight and fresh weight of the venom, but can not have an insignificant influence in the percentage of the components in venom.Certainly, it may also be the raising cycle is not long enough thus different food cannot form obvious influence on the change of venom in such a short cycle.
毕业论文关键词：食物；眼镜蛇；蛇毒；排毒量；组分含量
Key words: prey; cobra; snake venom; the amount of venom; constituent content
目录 4
引言 5
1 材料与方法 5