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摘要在相同条件下，对同一个被测值进行多次测量，由于主观上的过失或外界条件的突然改变，使一个或几个测量值与其他测量值差异很大。如果考虑这些测量值，就会对测量结果产生一定的歪曲，这种测量误差称为粗大误差，简称为粗差。含有粗差的测量数据将对评定测量结果产生一定的歪曲，随着采集数据的方法和处理数据的自动化程度的不断提高，粗差是不可避免的，除了通过人为因素减少甚至消除误差之外，还需要对测量出的一系列数据中可疑的数据做出正确的判断和处理，一旦发现含有粗差的测量值，应当将其从测量结果中剔除，最终才能获得正确的测量结果。因此，如何正确的检验出粗差的存在，是获得正确的测量结果的关键。39697
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本文基于研究检验测量数据样本中的粗差的两种代表性方法：1.数据探测法、2.3s准则，以及这两种检验方法的效果，举出算例，做出一系列的实验分析。最终总结出不同的粗差检验方法适用的不同情形，以及各种粗差检验方法的优缺点，以提高测量工作的准确性，为测量工作提供便利，为祖国的社会发展做出贡献。
毕业论文关键词： 粗差，检验方法，数据探测法，算例，实验分析
Abstract Under the same conditions, with a measured value for repeated measurements, due to a sudden change in subjective fault or external conditions, one or several measurement values are in great differences with other measurements. If we consider these measurements will on the measurement result distorted. This measurement error known for gross error, referred to as outliers. Contain gross errors in measured data will of measurement and assessment of results produced distorted, with the continuous improvement of the degree of automation of the data collection method and data processing, gross error is inevitable, in addition to reduce or even eliminate the error by human factors, also need to make the right to judge and deal with the measured data to a series of suspicious data, once found to contain gross errors of measurement value shall be the removed from the measurement results, and ultimately to get the correct measurement results. Therefore, how to correctly detect outliers, is the key to obtain the correct measurement results.
The study to test the measurement data samples in the crude difference of two representative methods based on: 1. Data detection method, 2.3S criterion, and the test method of effect, to cite examples to make a series of experimental analysis. Finally sums up the different situations of the application of different methods of gross error detection, and various methods of gross error detection of advantages and disadvantages, in order to improve the accuracy of the measurements, measurements provide convenient, make a contribution to the society and development of the motherland.
Key words： Gross error, test method, data detection method, example, experimental analysis
目 录
摘要Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
1 绪论1
1.1 概述1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
2 粗差的判别标准与检验方法
2.1 粗差的产生原因 3
2.2 粗差的判别标准 3
2.3 粗差的检验方法4
2.3.1 u检验法 4
2.3.2 3S准则 4
2.3.3 数据探测法 5
3.粗差检验方法的实验分析
3.1 3S准则 8
3.2 数据探测法 12
4 总结 18
致谢 19参考文献 20
1 绪 论
1.1 概述
在相同条件下，对同一待测值进行多次测量工作，不管是外界条件的突然改变，还是测量人员主观上的粗心，都会使测量数据中的一个或多个测量值与大部分测量值差异很大。如果将这些测量值考虑进去，就会对最终的测量结果产生歪曲偏差，这种测量误差称为粗大误差，简称粗差。因此在测量结果中，一旦发现这样的测量值，应将其从测量结果中剔除。