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摘要：铝是重要的有色金属材料，产量占所有有色金属产量的近一半。铝合金保持了纯铝的基本物化性能，且强度有了大幅度提高。随着近年来科学技术及工业经济的迅速发展对铝合金的力学性能要求也日益增大。
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本课题以一种Al-Cu合金及6061铝合金两种材料为研究对象，研究热加工工艺对此种合金组织和性能的影响，探究铝合金强化机理，本文从密度即尺寸变化的角度，阐述了铝合金在热处理过程中的相变及其精确的测量，发现不同的热处理工艺将产生不同的体积变化。作为验证，利用XRD分析了不同热处理工艺的铝合金试样，证实了二次称重法测量点阵常数的变化，从而证明了利用二次称重法可以测量得出铝合金相体积的变化，即相的变化，并认为此方法可发展成为一种新的材料分析测试的方法。作为应用，二次称重法测出的实验数据可以作为判定铝合金热处理工艺组织及质量的依据。24482
毕业论文关键词：铝合金；热膨胀；二次称重法；XRD；相变
The Volume Change Of Aluminum Alloy After Heat Treatment
Abstract:
Aluminum is an important non-ferrous metal material, production accounts for nearly half of all non-ferrous metal production. Aluminum alloy maintain the basic physical and chemical properties of pure aluminum, and intensity have soared. Along with the science and technology and the rapid development of industrial economy in recent years on the mechanical property of aluminum alloy requirements are also increasing.
This topic with a kind of Al - Cu alloy and aluminum alloy 6061 two materials as the research object, research the hot working skill in this kind of microstructure and properties of impact, to explore the mechanism of aluminum alloy strengthening, this article from the perspective of density or size changes, this paper expounds the aluminum alloy phase transformation in heat treatment process and its precise measurement, found that different heat treatment process will produce different volume change. By contrast, XRD analysis of the different heat treatment process of aluminum alloy specimen, confirmed the second weighing method to measure aluminum alloy precipitated phase formation and transformation, which proved that the quadratic weighing method can be used to measured the change of the aluminum alloy phase volume, i.e., the change of phase, and that this method can be developed into a kind of new method of material analysis. In addition, the second weighing method, the experimental data can be used as a measure for determining aluminum alloy heat treatment process organization and quality.
Key Words: Aluminum alloy; thermal expansion; the second weighing method; XRD; phase transition
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 铝合金的概述 1
1.1.1铝合金分类 1
1.1.2铸造铝合金概述及分类 2
1.1.3 国外铝合金的发展 2
1.1.4 国内铝合金的发展 3
1.2 铝合金强化方法及强化机理 4
1.2.1 加工硬化 4
1.2.2 固溶强化 5
1.2.3 第二相强化 5
1.2.4 晶界强化 5
1.3 铝合金热处理及工艺 6
1.3.1 退火处理 6
1.3.2 固溶处理 7
1.3.3 时效处理 7
1.4 铝合金热处理中的相变 8
1.4.1 铝铜合金 8
1.4.2 铝硅合金6061 8
1.5 研究相变的方法 8
1.5.1 金相分析法 9
1.5.2 差热分析 9