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摘要：我国稀土资源储量丰富相应的其开采和加工业的规模也比较大。稀土属于放射性物质，不仅容易对大气、地表水及地下水环境造成放射性污染而且对长期从事这方面的工作人员也会产生一定的影响。同时我国对稀土废渣治理方面尚处于初始阶段，很多问题急待研究。所以稀土渣外照射剂量的估算与测定就显得尤为重要。本文主要通过研究的酸溶性稀土渣和中和性稀土渣的外照射剂量与稀土渣的模型及照射时间的规律。通过两个月的实验的出的结论是稀土渣的不同模型所产生的外照射剂量大大不同，主要与模型的接触面有关；与照射时间和接触距离都有关，相同模型相同距离条件下其中照射时间越久剂量越大，相同照射相同照射时间距离越大剂量越小。其中照射时间的影响因素为主要影响因素。因此出于对工作人员的健康考虑，不同环境下应根据实际情况对工作人员的工作时间应作出合理的安排。18902
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毕业论文关键字：高纯锗探测仪 低放稀土渣 外照射剂量 放射性核素
Low level of acid-soluble residue treatment and disposal
of radioactive rare earth Study
School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Radiation Protection and Environmental Engineering Major
Instructor：Lu, Jiaqi
Abstract: China's rare earth reserves the appropriate size of its rich mining and processing industry is also relatively large. Rare radioactive substances are not only likely to cause radioactive contamination of air , surface water and groundwater environment and staff have long been engaged in this area will have some impact . Meanwhile, China's rare earth waste management is still at the initial stage , a lot of problems to be studied. So estimation and measurement of external dose of rare earth residue is particularly important . External radiation dose and exposure time law model in this paper , mainly through the study of acid-soluble rare earth and rare earths slag and slag and slag rare . By two months of the experiment was concluded rare external dose different models generated slag greatly different, mainly related to the contact surface model ; contact distance and the irradiation time are related , wherein the irradiation condition of the same model from the same The longer the time the greater the dose , the same as the same irradiation dose irradiation time, the smaller the greater the distance . Factors which influence exposure time as the main factor . So out of consideration for the health of the staff , under different circumstances should be based on the actual situation of the working hours of staff should make reasonable arrangements .
Key words: high-purity germanium detector Low-level radioactive rare earth residue External radiation dose Radionuclide
目 录
1 绪论 5
1．1 我国稀土工业概况 5
1.1.1什么是稀土元素 5
1.1.2我国稀土矿的分布及其发展类型 6
1.1.3我国稀土工业的发展及其状况 8
2 实验仪器及实验内容 8
2.1 实验仪器及其说明 9
2.1.1 高纯锗γ能谱仪 9
2.1.2热释光剂量读出器 11
2.2 实验内容简述 13
2.2.1 实验可行性分析 13
2.2.2 实验内容 13
2.2.3 实验流程图 13
2.3 外射剂量估算公式 14
3 实验步骤与结果分析 15
3.1实验步骤 16
3.2实验数据分析 16