摘 要:15世纪后期,达.芬奇著作中首次提到衍射现象。其后意大利物理学家格里马第在其书中对这一特别现象进行了精确描述:光的衍射是指:光可以避开障碍物不经过直线传播而进入几何阴影,并在接收屏上呈现光强不均匀的图样。本文从前言切入,对光的衍射现象进行阐述,分析影响光的衍射现象观察的因素,并说明光的衍射原理,推理证明光的衍射与几何光学的一致性,研究光的常见衍射实验、讨论光的衍射与干涉的联系、区别,再对光的干涉、衍射进行MATLAB仿真,进一步了解光的衍射的先进应用及发展前景。65464
毕业论文关键词:惠更斯原理,惠更斯-菲涅尔原理,光的衍射,光的干涉,菲涅尔衍射,夫琅禾费衍射, MATLAB仿真
Abstract: In the late fifteenth Century, the diffraction phenomenon was firstly mentioned in Finch's works.. Subsequently,Francesco Maria Grimaldi(1618-1663), Italian physicist,described the special phenomenon precisely in his works. The diffraction of light,refers that the light steer by the obstacles with ripping into geometric shadow, obviously, not rectilinear propagation and presented uneven light intensity on the screen .To begin with preface, I will set forth the position and phenomenon about diffraction elaborately,subsequently, analyze the factors affecting observation of diffraction phenomena and state the principle of diffraction. Then I’ll deduce and testify universal existence of diffraction. Furthermore, we must discuss the difference between interference and diffraction of light and simulate them by MATLAB. Finally, I should tell you some advanced application and development prospect concerning diffraction.
Keywords: Huygens principle, Huygens Fresnel principle, diffraction of light, interference of light , Fresnel diffraction , the experimental analysis of diffraction , MATLAB simulation
目录
0 前言 4
1 光的衍射理论的建立 4
1.1惠更斯原理 4
1.2惠更斯-菲涅尔原理 5
1.2.1光的衍射的分类 5
1.3 光的衍射的推理证明 7
2.观察阐述光的常见衍射现象 8
2.1影响光衍射现象观察的因素 11
3.用Matlab对光的衍射、干涉仿真 12
3.1干涉与衍射的区别与联系 15
4 光的衍射的相关应用 16
结论 18
参考文献 19
致谢 20
0 前言
我们都熟知几何光学中的直线传播原理。然而,在我们的日常生活中,我们经常会发现以下一些几何光学无法解释的光学现象:例如在狭缝前观察电灯可以看到彩色,还有物体在投影仪照射下,在接收屏上的投影边缘也会呈现出彩色;这些现象只能从光的波动理论角度解释,波的衍射是指:波在它的传播路径上假如遇到障碍物能从边缘绕过障碍物而进入几何阴影,光是电磁波,当然也可以产生衍射现象,即光的衍射。发生光的衍射现象是因为光具有波动特性。然而要产生光的衍射现象明显易观察到,需满足以下条件:障碍物的大小或者缝、孔的线度与光的波长大小差不多,或者比光波波长还短的时候,才会发生更易观察到的衍射现象。