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摘要等厚干涉实验是大学物理实验中一个基本实验。当平行光以固定角度照射到厚度不均匀的薄膜上时，相同厚度处薄膜前后表面反射光的光程差相同，形成一条亮（暗）干涉条纹，这种同一干涉条纹下对应相同薄膜厚度的干涉称为等厚干涉。因为等厚干涉条纹反映了两个表面夹成的薄层的厚度变化情况，所以在精密测量和光学零件加工中，常利用等厚条纹的条纹形状、条纹数目、条纹移动，以及条纹间距等特征，检验零件表面质量局部误差（表面粗超度），测量微小角度、长度及变化等。有效掌握等厚干涉原理及其实验流程显得非常必要，根据等厚干涉原理，本论文进行了测量曲率半径，细丝直径，折射率，光波波长的实验，包括实验原理，步骤，装置，同时对实验结果的数据所产生的误差原因进行分析，进而对其实验提出改进。9404
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关键词 等厚干涉 牛顿环 劈尖
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Development research on the experiment of equal thickness interference
Abstract
Equal thickness interference experiment is a basic experiment in college physics experiments. When the parallel light with fixed angle irradiated to the uneven thickness film, the optical path difference reflected from the surface of the same thickness film is the same, forming a bright (dark) interference fringe, this interference with same interference fringes corresponding to the same thickness is called equal thickness interference. Because interference fringes can reflect the changes of the thickness of the thin layer placed into two surfaces, so in the process of the precise measurement and optical parts, characteristics of equal thickness fringes, such as shape, number, mobility, space, are usually used to test the surface quality of local error(surface roughness salvation),measure small angle, length and changes. It's very necessary to master the principle of equal thickness interference and the experimental process, based on the principle of equal thickness interference, this paper has conducted experiments of measuring curvature radius, diameter, refractive index, optical wavelength, including the experimental principle, steps, devices, and the analysis of the reasons of the error generated by the experimental results, and then the improvements of the experiment are suggested.
Keywords equal thickness interference Newton rings wedge
目 次
1 引言 1
1．1 等厚干涉简介 1
1．2 读数显微镜介绍 4
1．3等厚干涉新技术应用背景 6
1．4 本课题研究内容及意义 7
2 牛顿环法测定透镜球面的曲率半径．7
2.1 原理 7
2.2 步骤 9
2.3 实验数据记录及处理 11
2.4 误差分析及处理 11
3 劈尖干涉法测细丝直径 14
3.1 原理 14
3.2 步骤 14
3.3 数据记录及处理 15
3.4 误差分析及处理 16
4 测折射率 17
4.1牛顿环法测量液体折射率 17
4.2劈尖法测量液体折射率 20
5 等厚干涉测波长 ．24
5.1 迈克尔逊干涉仪测波长 24
5.2劈尖干涉法测波长．26
结论．28
致谢．29
参考文献．30
1 引言
干涉现象是光的波动说的有力证据之一。太阳光照射在肥皂泡或水面上的油膜时，呈现出的彩色条纹，就是光的干涉现象。要产生干涉，两束光必须满足相干条件：频率相同、振动方向相同、相位差恒定。