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摘要： 单片机是一种集成电路芯片，是采用超大规模集成电路技术把具有数据处理能力的中央处理器CPU随机存储器RAM、只读存储器ROM、多种I/O口和中断系统、定时器/计时器等功能（可能还包括显示驱动电路、脉宽调制电路、模拟多路转换器、A/D转换器等电路）集成到一块硅片上构成的一个小而完善的微型计算机系统，在工业控制领域的广泛应用。从上世纪80年代，由当时的4位、8位单片机，发展到现在的32位300M的高速单片机。
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单片微型计算机简称单片机，是典型的嵌入式微控制器（Microcontroller Unit），常用英文字母的缩写MCU表示单片机，单片机又称单片微控制器，它不是完成某一个逻辑功能的芯片，而是把一个计算机系统集成到一个芯片上。单片机由运算器，控制器，存储器，输入输出设备构成，相当于一个微型的计算机（最小系统），和计算机相比，单片机缺少了外围设备等。概括的讲：一块芯片就成了一台计算机。它的体积小、质量轻、价格便宜、为学习、应用和开发提供了便利条件。同时，学习使用单片机是了解计算机原理与结构的最佳选择。它最早是被用在工业控制领域。
现代人类生活中所用的几乎每件有电子器件的产品中都会集成有单片机。手机、电话、计算器、家用电器、电子玩具、掌上电脑以及鼠标等电子产品中都含有单片机。 汽车上一般配备40多片单片机，复杂的工业控制系统上甚至可能有数百片单片机在同时工作！单片机的数量不仅远超过PC机和其他计算机的总和，甚至比人类的数量还要多。9458
关键词： 模拟输入通道、I/O接口、LCD显示接口、接口调试程序、PROTEL。
JH7A inspection equipment Hardware design of Microcomputer Interface
Abstract: SCM is a kind of integrated circuit chip, is the use of large scale integrated circuit technology has the ability to handle data central processor CPU RAM random access memory, read-only memory ROM, a variety of I/O port and interrupt system, timer / timer functions (which may also include a display drive circuit, pulse width modulation circuit, analog multiplexer, A/D converter integrated circuit) to a small but perfect microcomputer system is composed of a silicon chip, widely used in the field of industrial control. From the age of 80, 4, 8 bit single chip microcomputer was developed to high-speed, single-chip 300M 32 now.
As the single chip computer, is a typical embedded micro controller (Microcontroller Unit), abbreviation MCU commonly used English letter said microcontroller, microcontroller also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not the completion of a logic function of the chip, but to a computer system integrated into a chip. SCM by the operator, controller, memory, input and output devices, equivalent to a micro-computer (minimum system), and compared with single chip computer, lack of peripheral equipment. Summary speaking: a chip has become a computer. Its small size, light weight, cheap, for the study, application and development provides a convenient conditions. At the same time, learning to use the MCU is to understand the principle and structure of the computer the best choice. It was first used in industrial control field.
Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic device products will be integrated single chip. Mobile phone, telephone, calculator, household appliances, electronic toys, palmtop computer and mouse and other electronic products all contain the mcu. General car with more than 40 microcontroller, complex industrial control systems may have even hundreds of chip to work at the same time! The sum of SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other computer, even more than the number of human beings.
Keywords: Analog input channel, I/O interface, LCD interface, interface debugging procedures, PROTEL.
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