本文的通过分析小说中人物的悲剧原因，引起人们对阿富汗妇女命运的沉思，在父权制的社会环境下，女性要通过自己的努力打破父权制的束缚，争夺自己的话语权，用自己的声音为边缘化的女性说话。

毕业论文关键词：阿富汗妇女；悲剧；父权制；极端宗教主义

Contents

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Khaled Hosseini and A Thousand Splendid Suns 1

1.2 The structure of this thesis 2

2. Mariam and Laila’s tragedy 3

2.1 Mariam 3

2.2 Laila 5

3. The Reasons of Mariam and Laila’s Tragedy 8

3.1 Patriarchy of Afghan Society 8

3.1.1 Women’s Social Role 8

3.1.2 Women’s Sex Role 9

3.2 Religion extremism 11

3.2.1 Qur'an’s teaching on women 11

3.2.2 Islamic extremists’ requirement on women 12

3.3 Oppression of the War 13

4. Mariam and Laila’s Response to their Tragedy 15

4.1 Laila’s Response: Always Fighting 15

4.2 Mariam’s Response: Awakening 17

5. Conclusion 20

References 22

1. Introduction

1.1 Khaled Hosseini and A Thousand Splendid Suns

Khaled Hosseini is an Afghan-born American contemporary novelist. He was born in the capital of Afghanistan in 1965, where he enjoyed his beautiful and unforgettable childhood until the war broke out. Under this circumstance, he with his family immigrated to America for refuge with reluctance. Afterwards, Hosseini obtained a degree in biology at Santa Clara University and earned a medical license after he graduated from the University in California, San Diego. Basing on the peaceful memories of his childhood and his personal experiences as an inspiration, he created his first novel The Kite Runner in 2003, which became an international bestseller and had been sold more than 12 million copies worldwide. Khaled Hosseini returned to his motherland in 2003. Astonished by unchanged suffering and oppression of the lives there, he was determined to reveal rarely-known Afghan reality to the whole world. He was nominated as a U.S goodwill envoy of United Nations Refugee Agency in 2006. With his immense success and fame, He continued to elaborate the unknown history and daily lives of Afghanistan with his delicate writing skills. His second novel A Thousand Splendid Suns was released in 2007. He thinks that creating this novel from female’s perspective is the most challenging.

A Thousand Splendid Suns unfolds the tumultuous history of Afghanistan and the struggle of the innocent citizens in the violent and bloody war. The backdrop of A Thousand Splendid Suns is still Afghanistan. The novel spans over 30 years of Afghan torments from the late 1960s to April, 2003 and derives his name from the poem of Kabul, an Afghan well-known poet, which portrays the picturesque splendid Kabul’s scene. Different from the beautiful name of the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns, the detail of the novel is filled with streets lined with beggars, fatherless children, and husbandless wives who suffer from poverty, hungry, misery. Hosseini’s narrative captures details of two Afghan females’ lives in turmoil, depicting a love prose to anyone who has ever lost and despaired but has never given up rays of hope. Mariam and Laila, two beautiful characters own the same miserable life. Mariam, a daughter of a businessman and a maid out of wedlock is married to Rasheed, a rude barbarous 45-year old shoemaker. Laila, a daughter with a peaceful and happy childhood in an educated family is forced to marry Rasheed under his conspiracy. In the Afghan turbulent history of the past three decades, the two females’ fates are interwoven and they compose the indestructible love prose. The novel combines the real historical event with the fictional plots, narrating Afghan females’ painful living experiences. 《灿烂千阳》中玛丽雅姆和莱拉的悲剧原因(2):http://www.751com.cn/yingyu/lunwen_44950.html