摘要本文采用文献研究法和统计分析法详尽对比美国加州的几何教材和中国浙江的九年级数学教材,初步得出中美两国初中数学中的相似内容相关知识的差异大致体现在学习的顺序、及学习侧重点上。两国教材知识内容均采用层层递进的编排方式,但美国的层次数略高于我国浙教版,使得教材可以针对更多不同层次的学生;两国教材编排中的知识的导入、概念的引出、知识的应用、例题与练习题难度水平有很大差异,美国教材更侧重于基础,题量较多,而我国更注重于知识的体会与表征。基于本文的研究和笔者的思考,对于我国教材编写提出以下几点建议:增强情境导入的趣性,培养学生数学学习兴趣;增添合作学习思考题,加强学生之间合作交流;完善知识学习生活化,培养学生应用数学的意识。61595
This paper adopts literature research and statistics analysis, the detailed contrast of California geometry textbook and China zhejiang ninth grade mathematics teaching material, preliminarily concluded that the two countries similar content in the junior middle school mathematics knowledge roughly embodied in the differences of learning sequence, and the emphasis of study. Knowledge content is between the two countries adopt progressive transformation of the layout, but the slightly higher levels of zhejiang textbooks in our country, makes the teaching materials for more different levels of students; Teaching material arrangement between the two countries import, concepts, derivations of the knowledge, the application of knowledge, examples and exercises difficulty levels have very big difference, the teaching material focuses more on the basis, the topic quantity is more, but our country focused more on signs of experience and knowledge. Based on the research of this paper and the thoughts of the author, for compiling textbooks in our country put forward the following Suggestions: enhance the situation to import a lot of fun, cultivate the students' interest in learning mathematics; Add to consider cooperation study, strengthen the cooperation and communication between students; Perfect knowledge into daily life, to cultivate students the consciousness of the applied mathematics.
毕业论文关键词: 教材比较;相似; 知识内容;
Keyword: comparison of teaching material;similarity;knowledge content
引言 4
一、整体比较 4
(一)具体内容比较 4
(二)知识结构呈现方式比较 6
二、教学比较分析 6
(一)教学目标比较分析 6
(二)教学过程比较分析 7
四、例题与练习题的比较分析 8
(一)难度水平比较分析 8
(二)单元练习题的编写比较分析 9
五、总结思考 12
引言:几何学作为数学的一个重要分支,主要研究的是物体或图像的大小形状,位置关系及面积体积。中美两国在基础教育阶段都开设了几何学,美国的加州版本专门将几何学整合为一本教材,而中国将几何学融合在初中每个学段的学习当中。学生对于几何的学习提高了学生对周围事物的空间认识,推理能力和语言组织能力,对于学生各方面提升都有重要作用。
中美两国在图形与几何课程的设置理念上基本上是相近的,提倡以人为本,关注学生未来的发展。首先,两国课标上都注重了几何思维和数学素养的进一步发展。中国课标的总体目标中强调了对学生“发现问题和提出问题,分析和解决问题”的能力的要求。美国课表要求学生通过作图、度量、直观想象、比较、变换和对几何图形分类,来研究几何关系。其次,两国都对学生因材施教,不存在统一的教学模式,对学生提供进一步学习数学的基础。其中美国课标也表示:几何对发展数学推理,包括归纳和演绎推理,提出和证实猜想,对几何图形分类和定义都会提供丰富的材料。[6] 中美初中数学几何教材比较研究:http://www.751com.cn/shuxue/lunwen_67416.html