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摘要:钢材在制造过程中受到各种工艺等因素的作用与影响，当这些因素消失之后，钢材受到的影响不随之而消失，残余在钢材内部，这就是残余应力。残余应力是一种固有应力，应此它的存在影响着钢材的各种性能。对于低碳微合金钢来说，残余应力的存在可以提高硬度，也可以使轧制成的板材呈现不平整。为了提高综合性能与成品的外观，需要通过热处理工艺释放残余应力，而尽量不降低其他性能指标。为此，本次论文研究制作了不同回火温度试样，同时测定了其硬度、热膨胀，并且计算了残余应力。结果表明，随着回火温度的上升，试样的硬度缓慢下降，残余应力数值也下降。因此，热处理工艺可以释放残余应力。6657
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关键词： 残余应力；热处理工艺；低碳；微合金
The influence of heat treatment process to a kind of low alloy low carbon steel on residual stress
Abstract: Steel by role and influence of various process factors in the manufacturing process, after these factors impact of steel is not disappear, the remaining in the steel, which is the residual stress. Residual stress is a kind of inherent stress, so its presence affects various properties of steel. For low carbon microalloyed steel, the presence of residual stress can improve the hardness, can be rolled into sheet showing uneven. In order to improve the comprehensive performance and appearance of the product, need to release the residual stress by heat treatment process, but not as much as possible to reduce other performance index. Therefore, the study of different annealing temperature were made, its hardness, thermal expansion were measured at the same time, and the residual stress calculation. The results show that, with increasing tempering temperature, the hardness of the samples decreased slowly, the residual stress value also decreased. Therefore, the heat treatment process can release of residual stress.
Keyword: residual stress;heat treatment process;lowc arbon;low alloy
目录
1 概述 1
1.1 低碳微合金钢概况 1
1.1.1 普通常规钢材 1
1.1.2 微合金钢 2
1.1.3 国内微合金钢的发展 2
1.1.4 国内微合金钢现状及发展规划 4
1.2 XRD简介 5
1.2.1 概述 5
1.2.2 原理 6
1.2.3 X射线衍射技术在材料分析中的应用 6
1.3 残余应力 6
1.3.1 概述 6
1.3.2 残余应力测定方法 7
1.3.3 X射线衍射法二文残余应力测定原理及方法 8
1.4 热膨胀 9
1.4.1 概述 9
1.4.2 热膨胀系数 10
1.5 硬度 10
1.5.1 概述 10
1.5.2 洛氏硬度 10
2 实验材料及设备 11
2.1 设备及其操作 11
2.1.1 镶嵌机 11
2.1.2 高速切断机 12
2.1.3 高温箱式炉 12
2.1.4 洛式硬度计 13
2.1.5 金相显微镜 13
2.1.6 X射线衍射仪 13
2.2 实验材料 14
3 实验过程及数据处理 15
3.1 回火分析 15
3.1.1 概述 15
3.1.2 试样的制备工艺与操作 15
3.1.3 硬度数据处理与讨论 15
3.1.4 热膨胀系数数据及讨论 17
3.2 XRD分析 17
3.2.1 概述 17
3.2.2 制作样品 18
3.2.3 数据处理与分析 18