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    the reflux drum (reboiler) as far as the composition
    of the liquid in the product tank satisfies the product
    specification. Finally, the slop cut is withdrawn until
    the composition of the liquid in the reboiler (reflux
    drum) satisfies the heaviest (lightest) product
    specification.
    Total reflux column: first, the reboiler, the reflux
    drum and all trays are filled with raw material at a
    boiling temperature. Then, the lightest product is
    accumulated in the reflux drum under the total reflux
    operation. After the total reflux operation, the entire
    product in the reflux drum is withdrawn to the
    product tank instantaneously and some amount ofmaterial in the reboiler is transferred to the reflux
    drum immediately. Next, the slop cut is accumulated
    in the reflux drum, then withdrawn to the slop cut
    tank. The amount of the slop cut is also regarded as
    an optimization variable. Similar operation is re-
    peated for accumulating and withdrawing the inter-
    mediate product and the second slop cut.
    The column data used in this paper are given in
    Table 1. In order to compare all batch distillation
    columns, the number of stages and the amount of feed
    are assumed to be the same for all columns. The 13
    different separation problems, which are shown in
    Table 2, are solved for the following two types of
    operation policies:
    Constant reflux policy (C-policy) : the reflux flow rates
    during the product and the slop cut separations are
    constant, and all of the reflux rates are optimized so
    as to maximize P.I. In case of the C-policy of a
    rectifying column and a stripping column, the total
    reflux operation is inserted before the lightest
    product withdrawal until the composition of the liq-
    uid in the reflux drum satisfies the lightest product
    specification.
    Variable reflux policy (V-policy) : the reflux flow rate
    during the entire operation period is optimized as a
    function of time. In case of ternary separation by a rectifying column,
    the total distillation time is pided into four time
    periods shown in Fig. 2. From time 0 to t1, the lightest
    product P1 is withdrawn to the product tank. Also
    during successive time periods, S1, P2 and S2 are
    withdrawn. At the end of these time periods, the con-
    straints on product compositions, as shown below,
    must be satisfied. There is no constraint on the termina-
    tion of the second period. In the cases of the C-policy
    of a rectifying column and a stripping column, the first
    time period is further pided into two sub-periods: the
    total reflux operation period and the product with-
    drawal period.
    t1: Composition of P1]Product specification for P1.摘要:最优的结构和操作一批蒸馏柱分离三元混合物从节能的角度讨论。最优回流操作,最大限度地减少能源消耗,推导出三种类型的批处理蒸馏塔:整流、剥离和全回列。分离性能测量方面的能源消耗在不同条件下计算出每一列。例子的结果总回流的问题表明分离性能的回流列可以大大提高了优化回流流量,而那些的整流和剥离列不能。实验证实使用一个试验工厂的能源消耗总额可以大大少于回流列优化运行时使用的总额。
    关键词:分批蒸馏柱、最优结构、在线优化、试验工厂。
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