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摘要：办公楼一旦发生火灾将导致大量的人员伤亡和巨大的财产损失。为此，必须给办公楼设计一套完整的消防系统。该消防系统主要包括建筑总平面设计、安全疏散设计、消火栓系统设计、自动喷水灭火系统以及火灾自动报警系统。5509
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在设计过程中涉及到的规范有GB 50016-2006《建筑设计防火规范》、GB50116-2008《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》、GB50084-2001《自动喷水灭火系统设计规范》、GB50015-2003《建筑给水排水设计规范》等。
本次设计的主体是某办公楼的消防系统，该办公楼属于低层民用建筑。该办公楼建筑物长60m，宽19.8m，总面积为2608.41m2，最高点离地18.5m，体积为21978m3。本次设计对象耐火等级为一级，按照规范要求，必须与相邻建筑最少6m的间距。消防车道的设计采用了环形消防车道，消防车道的净宽度和净空高度均不小于4.0m，环形车道有两处与其它车道连通。在建筑平面设计中主要划分防火分区，一个最大的防护分区为2500m2，配置有自动喷水灭火系统，理论上一个最大防火分区为5000m2，同时遵循防火分区的划分原则，按照防火分区的最大允许面积分，水平方向每层为一防火分区，由耐火极限不小于0.75h的房间隔墙分隔。在安全疏散中计算百人宽度和安全疏散距离。室外消火栓系统的设计是根据建筑物耐火等级及体积大小，确定一次灭火的室外用水量为25L/s，计算得出室外消防栓个数为2个。室内消火栓灭火系统的设计首先确立水枪充实水柱的高度，由此算出每个消火栓的保护半径，根据保护半径得出每层的消火栓数，每层共4个消火栓，绘制了室内消火栓的系统图，确定最不利点的3个消火栓，对其进行水力计算以确定消防水泵的扬程、流量。水力计算包括3个消火栓栓口的压力、管段流量、直径、沿程损失，得出总的流量扬程。根据计算得出的扬程、流量来选择消防水泵，水泵的型号为XBD5.7/45-150×3的离心泵，其扬程为57mH2O，流量为45L/s。自动喷水灭火系统的设计由于环境温度因素的影响选用自动喷水灭火系统，确立火灾危险等级为轻危险级，确定喷头的系统作用面积，选择正方形的喷头布置方式，绘制了自动喷水灭火系统的平面布置图。在建筑防排烟系统中。在火灾自动探测系统中，确定办公楼属于二级保护对象，适用于区域报警系统，根据房间不同的高度和功能选择灭火器类型。先确定探测器的保护面积和保护半径R，计算得所需探测器数量，再通过极限曲线进行校核。最后确定所有房间的探测器数量。
关键词： 办公楼；消防系统；消火栓；火灾自动报警
The design of the office building fire control system
Abstract: Office building once fire will lead to a large number of casualties and great damage to property. Therefore, it is necessary to design a complete set of fire control system for the office building. This system mainly includes the total plane design of building, safe evacuation design, the design of fire hydrant system, automatic sprinkler system and automatic fire alarm system.
To relate to the following standard: GBJ50016-2006《Code for fire protection design of buildings》,GB50116-9《Code of design for automatic fire alarm system》, GB50084-2001 《Code of design for sprinkler systems》, GB50015-2003《Code of design for architectural water drainage 》and so on.
The subject of this design is the fire control system of the office building. The office building is the Low level of civil building. The office building’s length is 60 m, width is 19.8 m, the total area is 2608.41 m2, the height of three roof from ground is 11.4 m, the highest point is 18.5m, volume is 21978 m3.The duration of resistance is the second. According to the requirement, it must be at least the 6m with adjacent buildings, the office building and the spacing between the actual distance around buildings are greater than 6m. Fire lane was designed using circular fire lane, fire lane net width and headroom are not less than 4.0 m, annular driveway have two place and other lane connectivity. Graphic design of the building mainly includes the fire compartment. Main classification principles: in the requirement of the specifications, the economic and reasonable pision fire partition. The largest fire compartment is 2500m2, because of the sprinkler systems; the largest fire compartment becomes 5000 m2. Follow the principle of fire partition pision, according to the maximum allowed fire partition range, horizontal direction for each layer a fire zoning, refractory limit by less than 0.75 h room partition space. In the calculation in one hundred people safe evacuation design width and Safety evacuation distance. The design of the outdoor fire hydrant system is fireproof rank and volume building according to size, to identify a fire extinguishing outdoor water consumption for 25 L/s, calculated the number of outdoor fire hydrant two. During the design of indoor fire hydrant, to establish the full water spout firstly. Thus calculate every hydrant protection radius, according to protect the hydrant, getting out the number of each layer radius. Each layer is four fire hydrants. Draw the picture of indoor hydrant system and fine the most unfavorable lines. Through the hydraulic calculation, it makes out the pump head and pump flow. Hydraulic calculation includes fire hydrant pipe pressure, bolt mouth flow rate, diameter and frictional loss. According to the calculations of the head, flow to choose the fire pump, water pump model for XBD5.7/45-150×3 water pump, its head for 57 mH2O, flow of 45L/s. The design of the automatic sprinkler system due to the influence of environmental temperature factors that choose automatic sprinkler system. To determine the building in the fire danger level is the light danger level. According to the fire danger level determine the system function area, select the