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摘要：为了解决城市不断膨胀的人口和有限的城区地面使用面积的矛盾，高层建筑已成为城市发展的一种必然趋势。但是高层建筑人员集中，起火因素多，一旦发生火灾等紧急事件如何进行高效、安全的疏散是保障人身安全的一个重要方面。为了确保高层大楼的安全疏散问题，基于不同表现形式的设计已经推出。在本文中，我们提出了在高层大楼模仿行人运动和电梯运行的实验。在大楼里分别进行男女老少不同群体的疏散，通过实验数据的对比，得出结论。因此，本课题首先应查阅疏散领域的相关研究方法和成果，包括疏散基本理论、疏散时间计算、疏散的计算机模拟方法等；其次对电梯（消防电梯）疏散的可行性进行研究，分析保障电梯安全疏散的技术要求和设计成本；最后，运用经验公式、实验研究等方法，计算疏散时间，包括楼梯疏散、电梯疏散等。24178
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毕业论文关键词：高层建筑; 火灾; 电梯疏散; 逃生
Feasibility analysis and experimental research on evacuation by elevator
Abstract: To solve the contradiction of the expanding population and limited usable urban area in a city, high rise buildings have become a inevitable choice. But building occupants are concentrated and there are so many factors of fire breaking out, once happens a fire emergency to how to be effective and secure evacuation, which is an important aspect to ensure personal safety. To ensure the safety of ultra high-rise building evacuation, different performance-based designs have been proposed. In this study, we propose a quantitative and viable elevator aided ultra-high rise building evacuation experiment which simulates both pedestrian movement and elevator transportation. In the case that a proper ratio of the building occupants is transported to the ground level by fast elevators while others are evacuated by stairs, the evacuation process can reach an optimized state. Therefore, firstly, this paper should refer to relevant research methods and achievements in the field of evacuation, including the basic theory of evacuation, evacuation time calculation and evacuation of the computer simulation methods and etc. Secondly, the feasibility of elevator, fire elevator evacuation research, analysis to ensure the safety of the elevator evacuation of technical requirements and design cost. Finally, use the empirical formula computer simulation and experimental research methods such as calculation of evacuation time, including evacuation stairs, elevator evacuation and etc.
KeyWords: high rise building; fire emergency; elevator evacuation; escape
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究的目的及意义 1
1.1.1 研究目的 1
1.1.2 研究意义 2
1.2 高层建筑火灾中电梯疏散的研究现状 3
1.2.1 国外的研究现状 3
1.2.2 国内的研究现状 3
1.3 研究方法 4
2 高层建筑的火灾危险性分析 5
2.1 高层建筑火灾的特点 5
2.1.1 火势蔓延快 5
2.1.2 火灾发展阶段性特征明显 5
2.1.3 疏散困难 6
2.2 高层建筑火灾案例 6
2.3 火灾产物 7
2.4 高层建筑火灾时人员疏散存在的主要问题 8
2.4.1 传统疏散方式限制多 8
2.4.2 普通电梯设计不足 9
2.4.3 火灾中产生的烟气过量 9
2.4.4 环境因素不明拖延疏散时间 9
2.4.5 人的主客观因素影响疏散 10
2.5 火灾情况下利用电梯疏散的成功案例 11
3 火灾中人的行为及影响因素 12