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摘要：船舶建造业是仅次于采矿业和建筑业的高危行业，尽管采用了新型的造船模式，而且在我国的现代化造船厂中得到了广泛的应用，但是造船企业的职业病危害问题并没有得到根本性的解决。那么，如何有效控制造船行业职业病的发生，就成了所有造船企业面临的一个共同难题。本论文首先简单介绍了某船厂船舶建造的过程，识别了该船厂存在的主要职业病危害因素，归纳出该船厂职业卫生评价体系的评价指标，选用了层次分析法确定指标权重，合理的反映了各因素对职业卫生影响的重要程度，然后选用了模糊综合评价法进行职业卫生评价，建立了一套完整的综合评价体系，最后根据评价结果，结合某船厂的工艺特点和存在的职业危害因素，提出了有针对性的防护对策，为帮助该船厂在未来的生产中进一步做好职业卫生工作具有现实意义。9480
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关键词： 船舶建造；职业卫生；层次分析法；模糊综合评价法；防护对策
Occupational safety and risk analysis in the shipyard and protective countermeasures study
Abstract: Shipbuilding industry is second only to the mining industry and the construction industry in high-risk industries, despite the use of a new type of ship models, and has been widely used in modern shipyard in China, but shipbuilding enterprises of occupational hazards is not a fundamental solution to the problem, then how to effectively control the occurrence of occupational diseases in shipbuilding industry, it becomes all shipbuilding companies face a common challenge. This first simple describes has ship construction of process, recognition has a shipyard exists of main occupational against factors, antibody out for ship construction process in the career health evaluation system of evaluation indicators, selection has levels analysis law on each indicators for weight of determines, reasonable of reflect has the factors on career health effect of important degree, then on a shipyard used has fuzzy integrated evaluation law for career health evaluation, established has a full of integrated evaluation system, last according to evaluation results, Combined with a shipyard process characteristics and occupational hazards that exist, proposes targeted protection measures, to help shipbuilders in the future further relevance of occupational health work in the production.
Keywords: Ship construction；occupational health；the analytic hierarchy process；fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method；protective countermeasures study
目录
1 绪论 1
1.1 选题背景和研究意义 1
1.2 我国造船业职业卫生研究现状 2
1.3 国外造船业职业卫生研究状况 2
1.4 本文研究内容 3
2 某船厂企业概况 4
2.1 某船厂自然概况 4
2.2 某船厂生产概况 4
2.3 某船厂船舶建造过程简述 5
2.4 本章小结 5
3 某船厂职业安全危险性分析 6
3.1 生产环境中的有害因素 6
3.2 焊接中的有害因素 6
3.3 切割作业中的有害因素 7
3.4 涂装作业中的有害因素 7
3.5 职业卫生管理因素 7
3.6 员工的职业卫生意识 8
3.7 本章小结 8
4 指标权重确定方法和评价方法简介 9