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1.1.2 异硫氰酸酯的化学性质
异硫氰酸酯，外观是有刺激性气的油状的固体，低熔点。R为芳香基的最常见。此外，异硫氰酸酯在酸性的环境下很容易发生水解并可以与胺发生反应生成硫脲衍生物，是常见的有机合成试剂。摘要： 异硫氰酸酯，简称：ITCs在化学有机合成中起到了很重要的作用，作为许多有机合成反应的中间体，它具有明显的化学性质，并且被运用于许多领域如选矿、医药、农药和染料等方面。因其具有高度的生物活性，既可以起到抗菌消炎、凝聚血小板以及治疗癌症疾病的功效，又可以把异硫氰酸酯制造成抗菌剂、杀虫剂和除草剂。而本文主要通过从异硫氰酸酯的概述，化学性质，天然提取过程，制备方法，测定方法，以及在生物、医疗等领域的应用方面对异硫氰酸酯进行分析研究，然而异硫氰酸酯的合成方法以及测定方法有很多，本文通过选择其中一种适合实验室并且实验过程优化完好的制备方法并利用相应的测定方法如光谱法、色谱法、质谱法、核磁共振等对异硫氰酸酯进行一定分析。
毕业论文关键字：异硫氰酸酯；合成；化学性质；测定方法
The Synthesis of isothiocyanates
Abstract: Isothiocyanates （ITCs ）is a kind of important chemical intermediates in organic synthesis and it has the characteristics of the chemical properties.And it has been widely used in some aspects like the mineral processing, medicine, pesticide, and dye. Because of its high biological activity, it has a lot of effects like antibacterial ,anti-inflammatory, inhibiting platelet aggregation and efficacy in the treatment of cancer diseases; And it can be manufactured as antibacterial agent, pesticides and herbicidesto. And in this passage you will find some certain aspects like the overview of isothiocyanates, chemical properties, the natural process of extraction, preparation method, measuring method, and the applications in the field of biological, medical, etc to research and analyze isothiocyanates. However ,there are large amounts of synthesis and measuring methods of isothiocyanates. And in this paper, We will select one of them ,which is suitable for laboratory ,the experimental process having been optimized and use the corresponding measuring methods such as spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on analyzing some isothiocyanates.
Keywords: Isothiocyanates; Synthesis; Chemical properties; Measurement method
目录
1 前言 6
1.1异硫氰酸酯的概述 6
1.1.1异硫氰酸酯的产生 6
1.1.2异硫氰酸酯的化学性质7
1.2异硫氰酸酯的研究现状7
1.2.1异硫氰酸酯的合成 8
1.2.1.1硫光气法合成异硫氰酸酯8
1.2.1.2以取代硫脲来作为原料合成异硫氰酸酯9
1.2.1.3胺、二硫化碳、分解试剂合成异硫氰酸酯9
1.2.1.4卤代烃试剂和硫氰酸盐合成异硫氰酸酯12
1.2.1.5运用桑德迈尔反应来制备异硫氰酸酯13
1.2.1.6主要制备异硫氰酸酯方法的比较 13
1.2.2天然异硫氰酸酯的提取 13
1.2.2.1山葵中异硫氰酸酯的提取13
1.2.2.2751根中异硫氰酸酯的提取14
1.3异硫氰酸酯的发展趋势14
1.4课题研究的目的和意义14
2异硫氰酸酯的测定方法 15
2.1 色谱法 15
2.1.1气相色谱法（ＧＣ）15
2.1.2高效液相色谱法（ＨＰＬＣ） 16