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摘要：粉尘在空气中，很容易被人所忽略，特别是轻质粉尘，受到微弱气流就可以在空气中漂浮，当浓度达到限定值，遇到点火源或者达到点火温度，粉尘就会产生燃烧或者爆炸。因此，粉尘的控制技术就非常重要，一方面可以防止作业场所的人员吸入粉尘造成中毒，另一方面，也可以有效防止粉尘燃烧、爆炸事故的产生。本论文就着重于对工作台周围环境粉尘的控制，利用聚乙烯轻质，密度小的特点，通过实验确定聚乙烯粉的物理特性，然后再通过模拟实验计算出一个合理的控制风速以及通风量，设计出一套可以有效控制粉尘混合作业时空气中飘散的粉尘工作台通风系统，达到控制工作台粉尘的效果。除此之外，在除尘系统的设计中，对旋风除尘器做出了一些创新性设计，不但可以使旋风除尘器达到除尘效果，还可以进行粉尘回收。在粉尘爆炸风险评估方面，利用事故树评价方法，进行了定性和定量分析，计算出了发生事故的几率，以及预防粉尘爆炸的控制措施的重点。10358
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关键词：轻质粉尘；聚乙烯；通风量；控制风速
The Lightweight dust Control Technology and Explosion risk Assessment
Abstract：Dust in the air, it is easy to be ignored. In some special places, the dust is a very significant source of danger. Some kinds of lightweight dust could easily be floating in the air when they received a weak flow. Therefore, dust control technology is very important, on the one hand can prevent poisoning caused by inhalation of dust, on the other hand, can also be effective in preventing dust combustion and explosion. This article focuses on controlling the dust around the work table. The physical characteristics of the polyethylene powder can be confirmed that are lightweight and low density. The dust are releasing in the atmosphere could be removed by ventilation. Ventilation needs the reasonable amount of ventilation that confirmed by the wind velocity of the control point. Then design a ventilation system that could suck the powder in the air to control the dust. In addition, the cyclone dust collector is made some creative design about the de-dusting system design that the dust can also be recycled. In the dust explosion risk assessments, the use of FTA evaluation method for qualitative and quantitative analysis, then get the probability of an accident, as well as control measures for dust explosion prevention focus.
Key Words：Lightweight dust；Polyethylene powder；Ventilating amount；Wind velocity
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 粉尘来源及分类 1
1.1.1 粉尘来源 1
1.1.2 粉尘分类 2
1.2 粉尘的危害 2
1.2.1 粉尘对环境的影响 2
1.2.2 粉尘对人的影响 3
1.2.3 粉尘对生产的影响 4
1.3 粉尘控制技术现状 5
1.3.1 术语定义 5
1.3.2 国内外的粉尘控制技术 5
1.4 粉尘控制技术研究方向 8
1.4.1 捕尘和引尘 8
1.4.2 分尘和集尘 8
1.4.3 排尘 9
1.5 课题确定及意义 10
2 除尘装置 11
2.1 除尘装置及性能 11
2.1.1 除尘器工作机理及分类 11
2.1.2 除尘器主要性能指标 13
2.1.3 除尘器的选择 15
3 轻质粉尘特性分析及相关参数测定 18
3.1 粉尘密度测定 19
3.1.1 准备工作 19
3.1.2 测定步骤 20
3.1.3 测定结果分析 23
3.2 粉尘分散度测定 23