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    摘要本论文采用机械研磨法用铝粉将硝酸铵进行包覆，设计了氧平衡不同的硝酸铵与铝粉的混合物。采用SEM、DSC、TG分析测试了不同粒度的硝酸铵与不同铝粉含量的二元混合物的性能，并测试了铝粉含量对混合物的吸湿性的影响并与纯硝酸铵进行比较。结果表明，铝粉可以均匀包覆于硝酸铵颗粒的表面；铝粉包覆后的硝酸铵发生晶变，混合物少了在85℃时的晶变，铝粉的存在对硝酸铵起到了相稳定剂的作用；与纯硝酸铵相比，硝酸铵与铝粉的混合物的分解温度为256~285℃，铝粉降低了分解温度，热稳定性变差；铝粉包覆后的硝酸铵的吸湿性低于纯硝酸铵的吸湿性。43205

    关键词  硝酸铵  铝粉  稳定性  吸湿性 晶变 

    毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要

    Title     Research on The Preparation and Performance of Ammonium Nitrate/Aluminium Mixture                                                                       

    Abstract

    In this paper ammonium nitrate was coated by aluminum powder using the mechanical polishing method and the mixture of ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder with different oxygen balance was designed. The performance of the mixture of ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder with different particle size were tested by SEM, DSC, TG analysis. The effect of aluminum powder content on the hygroscopicity of the mixture was measured and compared with pure ammonium nitrate. It was shown that aluminum powder coated uniformly on the surface of ammonium nitrate particles. Crystal transformation was occurred after ammonium nitrate was coated by aluminum powder, crystal transformation temperature at 85℃ was disappeared ,and aluminum powder was phase stabilizer. Compared with the pure ammonium nitrate, The decomposition temperature of the mixture of ammonium nitrate and aluminum powder was reduced, The decomposition temperature was in the range of 256~285℃. The hygroscopicity of ammonium nitrate coated by aluminum powder was smaller than that of pure ammonium nitrate.

    Keywords  ammonium nitrate  aluminum powder  thermal stability   hygroscopicity  crystal transformation

    目  录

    1  引言 1

    1.1  研究背景 1

    1.2  硝酸铵的性质 1

    1.2.1 硝酸铵的热分解 1

    1.2.2 硝酸铵的稳定性 2

    1.2.3 硝酸铵的吸湿性 2

    1.3  铝对硝酸铵以及高氯酸铵的影响 3

    1.4  工业铝粉在工业炸药中的应用 3

    1.5  固体颗粒表面包覆方法 4

    1.6  本课题的研究内容 4

    2  实验部分 5

    2.1  实验原理 5

    2.2  实验仪器与试剂 5

    2.3  实验步骤 6

    2.4  性能分析与讨论 7

    2.4.1  扫描电镜分析 7

    2.4.2  DSC分析 9

    2.4.3  TG分析 16

    2.4.4  吸湿性实验 22

    结  论

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