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摘要：在机械加工和机电设备制造中，经常需要对空间物体形状进行精密测量。随着工业技术的发展，测量方式从传统的机械量具测量和接触式测量方式发展到现在的基于视觉的光电测量法。本设计就是应用光学检测方法完成对具有空间结构形状的物体形状尺寸进行自动检测。7129
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本次设计的整体结构采用单柱式结构，这种结构适合小量程的测量系统。为满足平面两个方向的独立运动，设计中运用双层线性滑轨，每根导轨均采用双滑块结构来保证运动的精度和稳定性。对于传动部分，仍采用传统的丝杠传动来进行设计。探测系统是本设计的核心部分，它是瞄准被测几何量的部件。该系统安装在机械结构系统的Z轴上面，利用Z轴的上下移动来调整高度位置。在探测系统中光源选择环形同轴光，它与CCD和远心镜头协同完成对空间物体的形状测量，远心镜头的优点是物体距离变化并不会影响图像的放大倍率，因此可以保证测量的精确性和完整性。
关键词： 空间物体形状；基于视觉；线性滑轨；丝杠传动；远心镜头
Design for the shape detection system of space object
Abstract：In the machining and electrical equipment manufacturing, we often need to implement precise measurement to the shape of the space objects. With the development of industrial technology, the measurement method has experienced the development from traditional measuring and contactable measurement to the current vision-based optical measurement method. The design is to complete to detect the shape and size of space objects automatically by the optical detection method.
The overall structure is designed by the single-pole structure, which is suitable for small-scale measurement system. To meet the independent movement of both directions in a plane, the design uses the double linear guides, and each has two sliders to ensure the accuracy and stability of motion. For the transmission part, it still utilizes the traditional screw drive to design. The detection system is a core part of the design, which is aimed at the measured geometrical components. It was installed in the mechanical structure of the system at the Z-axis, which is moved up and down to adjust the height position. In the detection system it selects ring light, and then completes the measurement of shape of space objects together with CCD and telecentric lens. The advantage of telecentric lens is that the object distance change does not affect the image magnification, so it can ensure the accuracy and completeness of the measurement.
Keywords: the shape of space objects；vision-based；linear slides；screw drive；telecentric lens
目录
1 绪论1
2 文献综述2
2.1 空间物体形状检测系统概述 2
2.2 空间物体形状检测系统的工作原理 2
2.3 空间物体形状检测系统的结构组成 2
2.4 空间物体形状检测系统的用途和意义 2
2.5 自动光学检测技术的发展 2
2.6 系统整体方案的确定 4
2.6.1 整体结构方案4
2.6.2 X-Y移动单元方案以及Z轴方案4
2.6.3 传统驱动与新型驱动对比6
2.6.4 探测系统方案7
3 机械结构系统与驱动控制系统设计8
3.1 结构形式 8
3.1.1 柱式结构8
3.1.2 固定桥式结构8
3.1.3 移动桥式结构9
3.2 导轨10
3.2.1 滑动摩擦导轨 10
3.2.2 滚动导轨 10
3.2.3 气浮导轨 11
3.3 传动机构12
3.3.1 丝杠传动 13
3.3.2 同步带传动 13
3.3.3 钢带传动 14
3.3.4 齿轮齿条传动 14
3.4 联接件15
3.4.1 联轴器 15
3.4.2 轴承 15
3.4.3 丝杠螺母 16
3.5 材料选择16