摘要:振动研究的目的及意义在于摸清振动的一般规律,能对机械结构进行优化设计,对设备的振动情况进行预测或者进行振动的控制,从而保证机械设备获得良好的动态特性和环境适应性,以提高机械设备的总体性能和总体水平。
振动实验的目的及意义在于确定所设计、制造的机械、构建在运输和使用过程中承受外来的振动或由于自身所产生的振动而不至于产生破坏,并发挥其设计性能、达到预定寿命、保证可靠性。随着时代进步对产品,尤其是对于航空航天产品可靠性要求的提高,可靠性实验的关键设备的振动实验系统的发展显得越来越重要。53438
振动实验台是机械制造实验过程中经常使用的实验设备,可以进行振动实验模拟和产品振动测试。小型振动实验台设计要求完成振动实验台的整机设计、传动系统设计和工作装置设计,对标准零部件进行计算选型,并对关键元件进行校核。本课题主要研究的是小型振动实验台,它结构简单体积小,重量轻便于安装调试,可完成一些日常的振动测试工作,有效的提高了产品的可靠性。主要的设计内容包括:小型振动实验台大体结构设计、实验台振动系统设计、不同振动之间的干涉对结构的影响等。小型振动实验台初步选择支架式结构,此种结构复杂程度较低,并且有较好的拓展性和延伸性。振动模型材料选用65号钢,65号钢是中高碳弹簧钢。65号钢经热处理或冷作硬化后具有较高强度、硬度与弹性,冷变形塑性低,一般采用油淬,大截面零件采用水淬油冷或正火处理进行硬化。65号钢用于制造弹簧、弹簧圈、各种垫圈、离合器以及制造一般机械中的轴、轧 辊、偏心轴等。在本设计中采用用65号钢来加工震动模型。
初步选用小型电机带动偏心轮,模拟正弦振动。此结构现阶段来说最为简便易行,同时正弦振动也是振动中常有的振动形式。缺点就是振动形式过于单一,且不能模拟高频振动。对此的解决方法是后续选用电磁激励振动的振动模式。电磁激励模式响应频率高,可以使试件进行高频振动和不规则振动,能够更好地契合自然环境中的振动。
在确定了振动形式以后,确定需要测试的振动结构(简支梁、悬臂梁分为等强度梁,等弯矩梁、悬索)并对各部件进行了初步的数据拟定和计算。构建好各零件的结构尺寸后,主要采用solidworks制图软件绘制各工件图并且进行三维结构虚拟装配,最后修订了部分数据。完成了最终的CAD图纸要求。
毕业论文关键词: 振动; 试验台; 激励源; 虚拟装配
The design of the small Vibration test bench
The purpose and significance of the vibration study is to find out the vibration law, know the mechanical structure optimization design the equipment of vibration to predict or control of vibration, in order to ensure the mechanical device has good dynamic characteristics and good environmental adaptability, in order to improve the mechanical equipment performance and level of overall.
The purpose and significance of vibration test is to determine the design and manufacture of machinery, building withstand external vibration during transport and using or self-generated vibrations without the damaged, and develop the performance of that.Reaches to predetermined lifetime for reliability. With the development of vibration test systems for products, in particular aerospace product reliability requirements increase, the most critical reliability test equipment is becoming increasingly important.Vibration test bench is mechanical manufacturing experiment experimental devices often be used, that can be simulated vibration test and vibration test products. The small of Vibration test bench to complete the design requirements of the machine .Vibration test bench design, transmission design and work equipment design, selection of standard components is calculated, and checked to the key elements.The main research topic is the small of Vibration test bench, it is has simple structure, small size, light weight installation and commissioning, to complete some daily vibration testing, effective improve the product of reliability.