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摘要：许多菊科植物的绿色组织，例如叶片具有特有的香气。本研究通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC-MS）对14种具有香的菊科植物材料叶片中的成分（主要是挥发性化合物）进行定性和定量分析。从叶片提取物共检测出213个成分，大部分是萜类化合物（主要是单萜和倍半萜衍生物），占总化合物的40.45 %〜90.38 %。定量分析结果显示了物种挥发性成分的浓度和组成具有明显的差异。根据主成分分析（PCA），这些菊科植物类群以α-侧柏酮，大根香叶烯烃 D，桉树脑，β-石竹烯和樟脑等化合物作为主要成分进行划分。同时以萜类化合物的组成进行的聚类分析（HCA），其分类结果与系统发育相类似，如亲缘较近的物种神龙香菊与野菊，长裂太行菊与太行菊呈现聚类。由此可以说明萜类化合物有潜力对这些具有遗传关系的植物进行化学分类。总之，以上结果为今后开发利用这些含有香气的菊科植物提供一个植物化学研究的基础。28058
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毕业论文关键词：菊科植物;叶片; GC-MS;萜类化合物;化学分类
GC-MS analysis of the volatile constituents of Artemisia and its related species
Abstract: The green organs, especially the leaves, of manyCompositae plants possess characteristicaromas. The constituents, mainly volatile compounds, in the leaves of 14 scented plant materials were qualitatively and quantitatively compared via gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 213 constituents were detected and tentatively identified in the leaf extracts, and terpenoids (especially monoterpene and sesquiterpenederivatives), accounting for 40.45%–90.38% of the total compounds, were the main components in most of extracts. The quantitative resultsrevealed perse concentrations and compositions of the chemical constituents between species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that different groups of these Compositae plants were characterized by main components of α-thujone, germacrene D, eucalyptol, β-caryophyllene and camphor, for example. Hierarchicalcluster analysis (HCA) based on the terpenoid composition was also used to classified the tested species. The cluster memberships corresponding to molecular phylogenetic framework, as well as the linkages of Chrysanthemumindicumvar. aromaticumvs. C. indicum,and Opisthopappus longilobusvs. O. taihangensis, suggested that terpenoid compounds have a potential to be used for thechemotaxonomy of these plants with a genetic relationship. Ultimately, these results provide a phytochemical foundation for the usage of these scented Compositae plants.
Key words: Compositae plants; leaves; GC-MS; terpenoids; chemotaxonomy
目录
摘要 3
关键词 3
Abstract 3
Key words 3
引言 3
1材料与方法 5
1.1植物材料 5
1.2 样品制备 5
1.3 GC-MS条件 5
1.4峰值识别 5
1.5统计分析 6
2结果与分析6 6
2.1 挥发性成分鉴定和定量分析 6
2.2 化合物类型的比例 7
2.3主成分分析和聚类分析 8
3讨论 10
致谢 12
参考文献 13
表1 试验所用14种菊科植物 5
表2 14种叶片样品挥发性物质类别数量 6
图1 14个样品挥发性成分含量图 7
图2 14个样品叶片挥发性组成的相对含量 8
图3 14个样本的主成分分析 9
图4 萜类化合物相对含量的14个样品的层次聚类分析的树状图 10