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摘要：植物病原真菌严重影响农业生产，本文以稻曲病病原菌（Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke) Takah.）、黄瓜根腐病病原菌（Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.）、苹果轮纹病病原菌（Botryosphaeria berengeriana de Not. f. sp. Parabola Nise Koganezawa et Sakuma）、水稻纹枯病病原菌（Rhizoctonia solani Kühn）、西瓜枯萎病病原菌（Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. niveum (E.F.Smith) Snyder et Hansen）、水稻恶苗病病原菌（Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.）为筛选模型，对来自四川攀枝花麻疯树和新疆土壤中的部分放线菌菌株进行筛选，以期得到具有生防价值的菌株。本文通过划线法对实验室保存的菌株进行活化，共活化出13株放线菌；利用平板对峙法进行初筛，共筛选出7株具有活性的放线菌，编号分别为Z01、Z04、Z06、Z09、Z15、Z18和Z23，其中编号为Z01、Z04、和Z18这三种放线菌抑菌效果明显，活性较强；采用牛津杯法对初筛得到的有活性的菌株进行发酵液复筛，结果表明：Z04和Z18的发酵液对部分供试真菌具有抑制作用；最后，利用气质谱联用技术对Z04的发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物的化学成分进行分析，共得到32个色谱峰，分属于芳香烃类，酚类，酯类，脂肪酸类及含氮化合物。本研究为下一步生物农药的开发提供了一定的实验数据。34328
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毕业论文关键词：植物病原菌；放线菌；活性—化学集成筛选；次级代谢产物；生物防治
Screening of actinomycetes against plant pathogenic fungi
Abstract: Plant pathogenic fungi seriously affected the agricultural production. In order to get high value of biocontrol strains, Some actinomycetes from Jatropha of Sichuan Panzhihua and soil of Xinjiang were screened again Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke) Takah, Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc, Botryosphaeria berengeriana de Not. f. sp. Parabola Nise Koganezawa et Sakuma, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. niveum (E.F.Smith) Snyder et Hansen and Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. In this paper, 13 kinds of actinomycetes were activated by crossing line method. 7 kinds of actinomycetes with antifungal activity were screened out using plate confrontation method The 7 strains were Z01, Z04, Z06, Z09, Z15, Z18, Z23, respectively. The activity of Z01, Z04, and Z18 were significantly stronger. Their fermentation broth were double-checked by the Oxford cup method. The result showed that the fermentation liquid of Z18 and Z04 had inhibitory effect on the partial test fungi. Finally, the chemical constituents of the fermentation broth of Z04 were extractd using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed by spectrum technology. There were 32 peaks belonging to aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, esters, fatty acids and nitrogen-containing compounds. This study provided some experimental data for the next step in the development of biological pesticides.
Key words: Plant pathogens; Actinomycetes; Activity-chemical integrated screening; Secondary metabolites; Biological control
目录
摘 要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅰ
引言 1
1材料与方法 2
1.1材料 2
1.1.1放线菌菌株 2
1.1.2植物病原真菌 2
1.1.3实验仪器 3
1.2方法 3
1.2.1常用培养基的配制 3
1.2.2放线菌的纯化、保种 4
1.2.3抗植物病原真菌的活性菌株初筛 4
1.2.4抗植物病原真菌的发酵液复筛 4
1.2.5发酵液的化学筛选 5
2结果与分析 5
2.1放线菌的活化结果 5
2.2 平板对峙法初筛结果与分析 6
2.3发酵液抑菌复筛结果与分析 9