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摘要：以宋河大曲为试材分离放线菌，采用形态学生理生化特性并结合16sRNA分析方法进行初步鉴定，分别采用抑菌片法和液态发酵法考察放线菌对大曲优势菌生长抑制和相互作用。结果表明：共分离得到五种放线菌，编号为F1、F2、F3、Fh、FM，F1、F3、Fh、FM为放线菌链霉菌属，菌株F2为拟诺卡氏菌属。5株放线菌均抑制大曲酵母菌的生长但并不抑制其产酒力，除放线菌株FM外，其它4株不抑制大曲优势芽孢菌Sp1和红曲霉的生长，5株放线菌均不同程度的抑制芽孢菌Spm1和Spm2的生长和产淀粉酶能力，但影响并不大。放线菌F1使红曲霉菌的产酯化酶能力升高其余4株并不影响其产酶。40368
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毕业论文关键词：大曲；放线菌；鉴定；混合发酵
Mixed Fermentation and Identification of Actinomycetes Isolated from Songhe Daqu
Abstract：The actinomycetes were isolated from Songhe Daqu and identified by morphology, physiology and biochemical characteristics tests combining 16sRNA analysis method, the actinomycetes in Songhe Daqu constraining dominant bacteria growth and interact during mixed fermenting were studied with the methods of antibacterial film and liquid-state fermentation. The results showed as follows: five actinomycetes numbered F1, F2, F3, Fh , FM were obtained, F1, F3, Fh and FM were identified Actinomycetes Streptomyces , F2 was identified Pseudo Nocardia. All strains of Actinomycetes were inhibited yeast in Daqu growth but did not inhibit its alcohol production, 4 strains except Strain FM did not inhibit preponderant strain Sp1and Monascus growth. 5 actinomycetes could slightly inhibit Bacillus Spm1 and Spm2 growth and its amylase-producing ability on different degree, Actinomycete F1 could help to improve Monascus producing esterifying enzyme ability and other 4 strains did not affect the enzyme production.
Key words：Daqu; Actinomycetes; Identification; Mixed fermentation
目 录
摘要 1
引言 2
1 材料与方法 2
1.1 实验所用材料仪器及试剂 2
1.1.1实验试材及指示菌株 2
1.1.2主要培养基 3
1.1.3试剂 3
1.1.4仪器设备 3
1.2实验方法 4
1.2.1酒曲放线菌的分离 4
1.2.2放线菌的鉴定 4
1.2.3典型混菌作用研究 5
2 结果与分析 6
2.1放线菌的分离鉴定 6
2.1.1菌株的分离及形态学观察 6
2.1.2菌株生理生化特性测定 7
2.1.3放线菌的分子鉴定 8
2.2 放线菌与大曲典型菌株的混菌作用 9
2.2.1放线菌对大曲典型菌株生长的抑制作用 9
2.2.2放线菌与大曲典型菌株的液态发酵作用 11
3 结论与讨论 13
3.1结论 13
3.2讨论 13
参考文献 14
致谢 16
宋河大曲放线菌的分离鉴定及其混菌作用 引言
放线菌（Actinomycete）是一类主要呈菌丝状生长和以孢子繁殖的陆生性较强大的原核生物，因在固体培养基上呈辐射状生长而得名。大多数有发达的分枝菌丝，菌丝纤细，宽度近于杆状细菌，约0.5～1微米。放线菌的代表属有链霉菌属、诺卡氏菌属、放线菌属等[1].。
放线菌和人类的生产、生活关系密切，广泛应用的抗生素约70%是各种放线菌所产生。一些放线菌能产生各种酶制剂、有机酸和文生素（B12）等，还有一些放线菌用于烃类发酵、石油脱蜡和污水处理等方面，另外，一些放线菌也会对人类构成危害，引起人和动植物病害[2]。