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摘要本文针对地质景观区生态环境退化的现状，以西南岩溶地貌地质景观区为例，利用多时相的TM/ETM数据，对研究区土地覆盖分类及环境参数的遥感专题信息进行变化检测，从而对典型地质景观区生态环境状况进行分析。26115
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在变化检测信息提取中分别采用分类后比较法和图像直接比较法中的特征变换法两种变化检测法对研究区自1990年到2000年间的生态环境进行了动态监测，并引入土地利用空间转移矩阵对研究区生态环境变化状况进行了初步分析。
分析结果表明，研究区在1990-2000年间，变化幅度较为剧烈的包括旱地、水田、其他用地、灌木地。这几类用地变化幅度均超过40%。其中，灌木地、其他用地等总体呈增加状态，旱地、水田总体呈减少状态。说明该地区的生态环境日益恶劣，总体形势不容乐观。因此，如何实现地质景观区生态环境合理保护利用和可持续发展是我们面临的一项非常艰巨的任务。
毕业论文关键词：地质景观区，生态环境，土地覆盖分类，环境参数，变化检测
Abstract
With the eco-environment of geological landscape areas degenerating, the paper, taking an example of karst landscape area in southwest China, making use of multi-temporal images of TM/ETM, performs specific change detection on the land cover classification of the study area, as well as the environmental parameters, and then analyses of the eco-environment of geological landscape areas in typicalness come out.
In extraction of the change detection information, post classification comparison together with feature transformation is adopted to execute dynamic monitoring on the eco-environment from 1990 to 2000 in investigated area. At the same time, the transfer matrix of land use is introduced to preliminaryly analyze the changing condition.
Analysis results indicate that, from 1990 to 2000,varying drastically are dryland, paddy field, land for other uses, shrubland in the study area.The range of land use changes mentioned above all surpass 40%, among which, shrubland and land for other uses present a picture of increasing on the whole, while dryland and paddy field are on the contrary. What conclusion can be drawn is that the eco-environment is worse than worse and it’s not looking really good.Therefore, what issues a tremendous challenge to us is how to make the proper preservation and exploitation of eco-environment, and sustainable development come true.
Key words：geological landscape areas, eco-environment, land cover classification, environmental parameters, change detection.
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究意义 1
1.2 国内外研究概况 1
1.2.1 遥感变化检测 1
1.2.2 生态环境变化检测 2
1.3 研究内容和技术路线 2
1.3.1 研究内容 2
1.3.2 技术路线 2
1.4 论文组织 3
2 研究区概况与数据预处理 4
2.1 研究区概况 4
2.2 数据源 4
2.3 数据预处理 5
2.3.1 几何校正 5
2.3.2 影像配准 6
2.3.3 辐射校正 6
2.3.4 影像增强 6