摘 要:故楚先民在饮食中以稻为主,稻已成为楚国大地上最富有特征性的食材;楚人对于“酸、甜、苦、751、咸”五的调和十分讲究,在夏日饮食中尤以苦和酸两种道为主,有利于缓解暑热;此外楚人还精通烹饪技巧,其烹饪技术几乎涵盖了现在社会所有的烹饪方法。在饮食结构上,楚人注重“食、膳、羞、饮”四个方面的结合,酒饮以冻饮最为有名,楚国宫廷中制定了一系列饮酒礼节,防止酒多伤己、误国误民。追求诗意享乐的楚人在宴饮中自然少不了美人来歌舞助兴,楚国的王宫贵族十分喜爱音乐,其一方面是为了“移风易俗”,作为加强统治的工具,另一方面也是王公贵族追求奢靡享之需。宴饮时除了歌舞来渲染气氛外,楚人对于宴饮时盛放美酒佳肴的器皿也是十分考究的,宫廷中的饮食器皿,年代最早可追溯到殷商时期,流传至楚国时已极具楚国风俗特色,不但种类繁多,而且美观大方,其中以漆器最为有名。59782
毕业论文关键词:楚辞;招魂;饮食结构;宫廷乐舞;宫廷器皿;文化
Abstract:Chu people mainly eat rice in daily life,the rice has been one of the most characteristic food in the chu;Chu people very exquisite five flavours ,especially the two taste of bitter and sour in order to relieve the heat feeling in hot summer;Furthermore,Chu people are proficient at cooking techniques,their cooking skills cover almost the all of modern society .In the aspect of diet,Chu people pay attention to the combination of “food””pastry””meat””drink”,one of the most famous is”ice wine”.The court of chu makes a seres of drinking etiquettes to prevent too much wine hurting their health and their safety.Chu people enjoy the beauty in their large banquet,all of them are crazy about the music,on the one hand is to transform social traditions,on the other hand is to meet the needs of their pleasure.At the time of the party,Chu peopleo draw the atmosphere with singing and dancing,beyond that,they also pay attention to the vessels of the party,the vessels in the court are all very old,which can go back to Shang dynasty,there are many different kinds of them,at the same time they are very beauty,the most famous of them is lacquer.The lacquer in Chu State is very famous.
Key words:Chu ci; evocation; dietary structure; royal dancing; royal vessels; Chu State culture
楚辞情文相生,事丰奇伟,和诗经一并成为中国古代浪漫主义诗歌的源头。若论楚辞中保存最为完整的篇目,非《招魂》与《大招》两篇莫属。《招魂》一文,作为楚辞中极富代表性的作品之一,以其别出心裁的形式、丰富多彩的内容屹立于先秦文学之林,它和《大招》一起被称为了战国时期南楚饮食文化的“双壁”。从文化史角度而言,《招魂》中涉及了饮食乐舞、巫术神话、建筑风格、游艺史料等多方面内容,这对于后世了解楚国文化,尤其是宫廷文化起到了不可估量的作用。现今,对于《招魂》的探究,研究者多立足于作者考辨、楚国巫术等方面,着眼于其中饮食文化状况的并不多见。在《招魂》饮食文化的探究中,研究者多着眼于其中饮食与祭祀的关系,楚国巫风盛行,楚人重祭祀,《招魂》本为作者招楚怀王之生魂而写,原文中所提到的宫廷美、宫廷乐舞自然也与主题祭祀不可分离。除了该观点,酸甜苦751咸五调和、饭稻耕鱼、精通烹饪、食膳羞饮、楚人盛食之器(从青铜到漆器),这几个观点前人已在论文中有所总结,尤其是前三点的论述,其中以徐文武、张兴武先生的论文研究较为集中。在我的论文中,将前人的观点进行了系统归纳、稍作补充,我将饭稻羹鱼、五调和、精通烹饪归纳为楚人的饮食特点及习惯,将食膳羞饮归纳为楚人的饮食结构,将楚人盛食之器(从青铜到漆器)归纳为最后一点楚国宫廷饮食与器皿的统一。此外,宫廷宴饮除了美酒佳肴,宴乐歌舞也是助兴的必备,因而我在论文中加入了第三点——楚国宫廷宴乐与饮食的关系。在此基础上为了使观点更直观立体,我在论述时加入了相关的文献。遗憾的是,楚国先民的习俗文化多数体现在楚国人的日常生活中,在《招魂》和《大招》两篇作品中提到的一些食谱的用料、烹饪方法,在今天已经很难考证,在传世文献中也很难找到材料来印证[1]。