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摘要：由于黄河河道迁移不定，黄河多次南下夺淮，嘉靖五年以后，形成了黄河全面夺泗入淮的局面，这就破坏了原有淮河流域的自然水系。京杭大运河对于整个明清的政治经济都具有重要的意义。黄河夺泗入淮之后，由原来的借黄行运开始了借黄济运。由于从淮安到徐州段黄河即运河，这段运河是京杭大运河的重要组成部分，其水源主要来自黄河，为了保证徐州到淮安运道水量的充沛、河道的稳定，避免泥沙淤塞运道，甚至冲毁长堤发生洪灾，明清两代许多治河专家提出了一系列的解决办法。此段黄运合一，使得治河与保运密不可分，河道的通畅与否也直接影响到整个漕运。为了解决明清两代邳州、宿迁段运河运道特殊情况的问题，两代政府加强了骆马湖的疏浚治理、泥沙淤积问题的处理，在河道淤塞与通航问题上取得了一定的成效，由原来的借黄济运开始了借湖行运。特别是治水专家潘季驯将治水与治漕紧密相连，提出“筑堤束水，以水攻沙”的策略，保证了漕粮运输无阻。同时，清代为了防止黄河泛滥对漕运产生不利影响，于康熙年间开通了中运河，并采用淤滩固堤的方式，有效的解决了这些问题。中运河开通之后，此段运河由原来的借湖行运开始了以新运道行运，至此黄河与运河完全分离。63298
毕业论文关键词:明末清初；借黄济运；骆马湖；中运河
Abstract: Due to the frequent migration of the Yellow River, it had remarkable influence on Huai River basin for many times. Five years after Emperor Jiajing taking the crown, the situation had formed that Yellow River made inroads into Huai River basin and in which case natural water system of Huai River was disturbed. For the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jinghang Grand Canal played a significant role in fixing the economy. Since the Yellow River began to affect the Huan River basin, it gradually helped to build the Jinghang Gand Canal. The reach from Huaian to Xuzhou was a component of Jinghang Grand Canal and its water source mainly came from Yellow River. To ensure abundant water in this reach and the stability of watercourse, and to avoid sediment of riverbed, many experts dealing with river regulation at that time put forward a series of solutions. The river management is closely connected with confirmed shipment, so river flowing was the precondition of water transportation. In order to resolve the tough problems of water transportation during Pizhou and Suqian in Ming and Qing dynasties, the governments strengthened the management of Luoma lake and made certain achievements. Lake began to be made used of to help improve the water transportation. The whole thing improved a lot when the water conservancy expert Pan Jixun, who put forward the strategy that building banks to control flood and using water to clean deposits. Thanks to this strategy, the unblocked water transportation was guaranteed. At the same time, to prevent the flood of the Yellow River and its negative effects in Qing dynasty, during Emperor Kangxi’s governance, a new canal was opened and these problems were effectively solved by building solid embankment. After the new canal was opened and used to serve as a new channel, it gave rise to the separation of the Yellow River and the canal.
Key words: Late Ming dynasty and Qing Dynasty; Yellow River and Canal; Luoma Lake; Middle Canal
一 相关学术史回顾 6
二 黄河入泗夺淮与借黄济运 7
三 明末清初邳州、宿迁段运河河道治理 8
（一）明代骆马湖的形成与疏浚治理 8
（二）清初骆马湖的治理 9
（三）中运河的开凿