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摘要含胍基环状胺及其多硝基衍生物属于氮杂环化合物，在含能材料领域有着较为广泛的应用。本论文设计合成了一种“565”环结构的含胍基环状胺并对其进行硝化得到二硝基衍生物。以乙二醛和甲酰胺作为原料，合成1,4-二甲酰基-2,3,5,6-四羟基哌嗪，再与盐酸胍缩合成环，得到中间产物2,6-二亚胺八氢化二咪唑[4,5-b:4′,5′-e]哌嗪。以醋酸酐硝酸为硝化体系，对合成的“565”环进行硝化反应，最终得到目标产物。通过核磁、红外、质谱等手段，对目标产物及各中间体的结构进行了表征，确定了目标产物的结构。通过单因素实验，研究了反应温度、反应时间、盐酸浓度等因素对缩合成环阶段以及硝化阶段的影响。25844
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毕业论文关键词：有机化学，硝化反应，缩合反应，合成
毕业设计说明书外文摘要
Title Design and synthesis of guanidine containing cyclic amine and its nitro derivatives
Abstract
Guanidine containing cyclic amine and its nitro derivatives belong to nitrogen heterocyclic compounds,which is widely used in the field of energetic materials. A "565" ring structure guanidine containing cyclic amine and its nitro derivatives is designed and synthesized in this paper.Taking glyoxal and formamideas starting materials, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxypiper azine-1,4- dicarbaldehy was synthesised.The reaction of 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyl piperazine-1,4-dicarb aldehy with guanidine hydrochloride in hydrochloric acid can be controlled to give 2,6-diimino dodecahydrodiimidazo[4,5-b:4',5'-e] piperazine. Treatment of the synthesized "565" ring with nitric acid/acetic anhydride gives title compound and its intermediates were characterized by IR, NMR and MS.The factors like reaction time, reaction temperature and the concentration of hydrochloric acid effecting condensation reaction and nitration reaction were investigated through single factor experiments.
Keywords: organic chemistry，nitration，condensation reaction， synthesis.
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 含能材料概述 1
1.2 曼尼希反应 2
1.3 硝化理论 2
1.4 氮杂环硝胺研究进展 5
1.5 本课题研究内容与选题意义 5
2 2,6-二亚胺八氢化二咪唑[4,5-b:4′,5′-e]哌嗪的合成 7
2.1 实验试剂及仪器 7
2.2 2,6-二亚胺八氢化二咪唑[4,5-b:4′,5′-e]哌嗪的合成路线 7
2.3 实验步骤 8
2.4 2,6-二亚胺八氢化二咪唑[4,5-b:4′,5′-e]哌嗪的合成工艺优化 10
2.5 本章小结 12
3 2,6-二亚胺八氢化二咪唑[4,5-b:4′,5′-e]哌嗪的硝化工艺研究 13
3.1 实验试剂及仪器 13
3.2 硝化路线 13
3.3 实验步骤 13
3.4 2,6-二亚胺八氢化二咪唑[4,5-b:4′,5′-e]哌嗪的硝化工艺研究 16
3.5 本章小结 19
结论 20
致谢 21
参考文献 22
附录 表征谱图 24
1 绪论
胍一般以盐的形式存在,可用于合成含氮杂环化合物，其衍生物可以作为农药、药物、含能材料、硫化促进剂等。本课题以胍为原料通过缩合反应产生含胍基环状胺，并对其进行硝化得到含能材料中间体。