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摘要本论文以硝基甲烷为原料，经过缩合、环化和氧化偶合三步合成目标产物2,2,2,2-四甲基-5,5-二硝基-5,5-(1,3-二氧杂环己烷），总收率为39.40%。采用MS，IR和1HNMR等对目标产物和中间体的结构进行了表征。结合反应机理对影响各单元反应的主要因素进行了讨论，获得较优的合成工艺。64334
结果表明，缩合反应较优条件为：硝基甲烷甲醛为2.39:7.64（摩尔比），水35mL，氢氧化钙0.033mol，反应时间5h，温度37℃，收率95.72%。环化反应较优条件为：2-羟甲基-2-硝基-1,3丙二醇60.4g,苯150mL，丙酮88ml，对甲苯磺酸1.6g，反应时间2h，温度55℃，收率80.53%。氧化偶合反应较优条件为：2,2-二甲基-5-羟甲基-5-硝基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷19.82g，氢氧化钠溶液（0.8mol·L-1）259.43mL，过硫酸钠49.29g，反应时间36 h，反应温度20℃，收率为51.36%。
毕业论文关键词 硝基甲烷，2,2,2,2-四甲基-5,5-二硝基-5，5-（1,3-二氧杂环己烷），缩合，环化，氧化偶合，表征。
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Preparation of 2,2,2,2-tetramethyl-5,5-dinitro-5,5-(1,3-dioxane)
Abstract 2,2,2,2-tetramethyl-5,5-dinitro-5,5-(1,3-dioxane) was prepared from nitromethane by condensation, cyclization., oxidative coupling reaction. The total yield was 39.40%. The structures of 2,2,2,2-tetramethyl-5,5-dinitro-5,5-(1,3-dioxane) and its inermediates were characterized by means of MS, IR, 1HNMR. The effect on unit reaction was studied based on reaction mechanism. According to various factors, the better conditions of each unit reaction were gained.
Better conditions of condensation were obtained as follows: the molar ratio of nitromethane to formaldehyde was 2.39:7.64, calcium hydroxide 0.033mol, reaction 5h under 37℃,the yield was 95.72%. Better conditions of cyclization were obtained as follows：2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro -1,3 propylene glycol 60.4g, acetone 88ml, p-toluene sulfonic acid 1.6g, reaction 2h under 55℃,the yield was 80.53% Better conditions of poxidative coupling were obtained as follows: 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane 19.82g, sodium hydroxide solution (0.8mol·L) 259.43mL, sodium persulfate 49.29g, reaction 36h under 20℃,the yield was 51.36%.
Keywords nitromethane, 2,2,2,2-tetramethyl-5,5-dinitro-5,5-(1,3-dioxane), condensation, cyclization, oxidative coupling, characterization
1 绪论 6
1．1 概述 6
1.1.1 课题背景 6
1.1.2 2,2,2,2-四甲基-5,5-二硝基-5,5-(1,3-二氧杂环己烷)的性质与用途 6
1．2 2,2,2,2-四甲基-5,5-二硝基-5,5-(1,3-二氧杂环己烷)的合成路线 7
1.2.1 硝基化合物的羟甲基化 7
1.2.2 缩酮反应 8
1.2.3 氧化偶合 8
1．3 本文主要内容 9
2 三羟甲基硝基甲烷的合成 10
2．1 反应式 10
2．2 反应原理 10
2．3 实验部分 11
2.3.1 实验仪器 11
2.3.2 实验试剂 11
2.3.3 实验步骤 11
2．4 结果与讨论 11
2.4.1 反应温度对收率的影响