2.2 Motivation Researches in Second Language Learning

At the end of the 1950s, Gardner and Lambert started their study in the learning motivation of second language acquisition, and they set the theoretical framework of second language learning motivation. According to them, the second language learning is mainly related to 4 factors: intelligence, language ability, motivation intensity and positive attitude. And among the 4 factors, the motivation intensity is the vital one. They pided motivation into types as integrative motivation and instrumental motivation. Gardner underlined that motivation intensity can be affected by goals, desires and attitudes; meanwhile, it may be influenced by environment and personality.