摘要：金属单晶指具有单晶结构的金属晶体材料，它在半导体、红外探测、太阳能电池、微电子、航天航空领域都具有重要作用。如锗单晶是最老的半导体材料；镍基合金在大飞机叶上的应用；铜单晶线材对微电子行业发展的冲击等。这使得金属单晶一直以来都是材料研究的热点。24723
我们选择了相对熔点较低的锗、铜尝试进行坩埚下降法的生长。成功生长出直径为Φ50mm的铜锭，冷拉成Φ6mm铜棒。通过XRD、X射线定向仪、金相显微分析讨论了铜单晶的晶体结构与生长缺陷,并测定铜单晶的电阻率、导热性。结果表明:所生长的铜单晶在导热性和导电性上都要优于传统铜材料。晶体具有( 111)取向、强度高；拉断面呈现刀锋状; 蚀坑呈典型三角锥形,位错密度在5x103 ~104cm-2之间;在室温下,测的(111)铜单晶导热系数为623.046 W/(m*K)。对未拉制的铜单晶进行电导率测试，其结果为115％IACS，后将铜棒拉制成直径分别为1mm、0.5mm、0.2mm等的细丝，发现其电导率随着铜丝的直降下降而下降，分别测定其电导率为105％IACS、97％IACS、95％IACS，当铜丝直径小于0.2mm时，其电导率稳定在95％IACS。
毕业论文关键词：金属单晶；Cu单晶；晶体生长；坩埚下降法
Growth of metal Single Crystal by Bridgman method
Abstract: Metal single crystal refers to the metal crystal material having structure like single crystal, and it has an important role in the semiconductor, infrared detection, solar cells, microelectronics, aerospace fields. Such as germanium crystal is the oldest semiconductor material; application nickel-based alloys in the aerospace; single-crystal copper wire has an important role in the development of microelectronics industry. This makes the metal single crystals has always been the point material of the study.
We try to chose a relatively low melting point of metal material( germanium, copper) to be grown by Bridgman method. In this experiment, we have successfully grown Φ50mm diameter of copper ingots,and cold drawn into Φ6mm copper wire. By XRD, X-ray direction finder, optical microscopy, we analyzed and discussed the crystal structure of copper single crystal growth defects，and test the resistivity and thermal conductivity of copper single crystal.
The results show that: the single crystal copper grew by Bridgman method is better than traditional materials in the thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity. Crystals grow with (111) orientation；having high strength; sectional drawing showing the blade shape; showed typical pyramidal etch pits；dislocation density between 5x103 ~ 104cm-2. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity of single-crystal copper(111) is 623.046 W / (m * K)； the conductivity of copper single crystal is 115％IACS before drawn,and the conductivity of copper single crystal has been reduced with the copper had been drawn to thread.when the diameter of copper is 0.2mm, the conductivity of copper single crystal is stabilized and it is 95％IACS.
Keywords: Cu;crystal growth; Bridgman growth
目 录
1 绪 论 1
1.1 金属单晶概述 1
1.2 锗单晶研究现状 2
1.2.1 生长方法 3
1.2.2 锗单晶的性能 4
1.2.3 锗单晶的应用 6
1.3 铜单晶的研究现状 7
1.3.1 铜单晶的生长方法 7
1.3.2 铜单晶的性能 10
1.3.3 铜单晶的应用 11
1.4 坩埚下降法的简介 12
1.5 论文选题依据 13 坩锅下降法生长金属单晶研究:http://www.751com.cn/cailiao/lunwen_18329.html