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摘 要 单层石墨烯是目前已知最轻最薄的材料，它的理论比表面积、热导率、杨氏模量、抗拉强度等性能优异，是一种应用潜力非常广泛的一种碳材料。由溶胶过程得到的石墨烯气凝胶又称为石墨烯海绵，继承了石墨烯和气凝胶高比表面积、高孔隙率和高电导率等优点，同样引起了学术界的极大关注和研究。 本文通过 Hummers 法将石墨粉进行氧化处理来制备氧化石墨烯，再经过不同还原剂用水热法处理得到石墨烯水凝胶，进一步进行冻干后得到气凝胶。观察不同条件下制备的石墨烯气凝胶和水凝胶的外观和形貌，分析浓度和温度对其制备的影响因素。可以发现氧化石墨烯浓度为 2 mg/mL、水热温度为 95℃时，制得的石墨烯水凝胶结构较为稳定致密，强度较好，结构无明显缺陷，进而制得的气凝胶结构疏松多孔，不易塌陷，表面缺陷较少。再分别采用扫描电镜（SEM）、激光拉曼光谱仪对不同条件得到的石墨烯气凝胶样品进行测试与表征，发现以氨硼烷和亚铁离子作还原剂制备的气凝胶结构孔隙较均匀且丰富，有效增加了比表面积，其结构优于抗坏血酸（LAA） 、亚铁离子作还原剂制备的气凝胶。将气凝胶在罗丹明 B染料中进行吸附，测试其吸附性能。发现以氨硼烷（NH3BH3）和亚铁离子协同作还原剂制备的石墨烯气凝胶对罗丹明 B 的最大吸附量最大，且吸附速度最快，由此可知在罗丹明 B的吸附方面，使用氨硼烷和亚铁离子为还原制得的石墨烯气凝胶的吸附性能最佳。 58195
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毕业论文关键词：石墨烯气凝胶；吸附；氧化石墨
Abstract Monolayer graphene is known to be the lightest and the thinnest material, its theoretical specific surface area, thermal conductivity, Young's modulus, tensile strength and other properties are excellent.It is a kind of carbon material with a very wide potential applications. Graphene aerogel obtained by the sol-gel process is also called graphene sponge, which inherits the advantages such as high specific surface area, high porosity and high conductivity of graphene and aerogels. It also caused great concern and research in the academic circles. In this paper, the graphite powder was oxidized by Hummers method to prepare graphene oxide, and through hydrothermal method synthesizes graphene hydrogel with different reducing agent. Then get the aerogel after freeze drying.Observe the appearance and morphology of the graphene hydrogel and aerogel prepared under different conditions,and the influence factors of concentration and temperature were analyzed. We can found that when the graphene oxide concentration was 2 mg / mL, hydrothermal temperature is 95 ℃, the prepared graphene hydrogel structure more stable and compact, strength is better, and the structure is not obvious defects, and making the aerogel porous structure and is not easy to collapse, surface defects less.Then,the samples were tested and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and laser Raman spectrometer .Found in ammonia borane and ferrous ions as reducing agent to prepare aerogel pore structure is uniform and rich, and effectively increases the specific surface area and the structure is better than that of in ascorbic acid(LAA), ferrous ion as reducing agent to prepare aerogel.Adsorb rhodamine B in graphene aerogel,test its adsorption properties.Find to ammonia borane(NH3BH3) and ferrous ions as reducing agent to prepare graphene aerogel of Rhodamine B is the maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of the fastest. Thus it can be seen that in the adsorption of Rhodamine B using ammonia borane and ferrous ions for reduction of graphene aerogel adsorption has the best performance. Key words: graphene aerogel; adsorption; graphene oxide
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第一章 绪论 . 1
1.1前言 . 1