车床英文文献和中文翻译(3)

菜单

小金属加工车床,大于珠宝商的车床,可以坐在长椅上,但提供工具持有人等特性和螺纹轮系称为爱好车床,和更大的版本,“台式车床”。更大的车床为生产或提供类似的功能修改各个部分被称为“引擎车床”。车床的这些类型没有额外的积分特性重复生产,而是用于生产或修改个人部分的主要作用。

这种规模的车床为大众设计制造、但不提供通用的引擎或台式车床螺纹功能,被称为“第二次手术”的车床。

车床和一个非常大的大孔径和查克两端的轴称为“油田车床”。

全自动机械车床,采用凸轮控制运动和齿轮火车,被称为螺丝的机器。

车床由电脑控制数控车床。

车床主轴安装在一个垂直的配置,而不是水平配置,称为立式车床或垂直钻孔机。他们使用非常大的直径必须转过身来,和工件(相对)不是很长。

与圆柱车床尾架一个垂直轴旋转,从而出现不同的工具对主轴承和工件转塔车床。

车床配备索引盘子,刀,螺旋形或螺旋指南,等等,以便使装饰是一种装饰性的车床。

各种组合是可能的:例如,一个立式车床数控(如数控VTL)。

可以结合其他机床车床,钻床、立式铣床等。这些通常称为组合车床。

Lathe

A lathe is a machine tool which rotates the work piece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the work piece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation.

Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glass-working. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The material can be held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which can be moved horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths. Other work-holding methods include clamping the work about the axis of rotation using a chuck or collet, or to a faceplate, using clamps or dogs.

Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include candlestick holders, gun barrels, cue sticks, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments (especially woodwind instruments), crankshafts and camshafts.

A metalworking lathe from 1911 showing component parts.

a = bed, b = carriage (with cross-slide and toolpost), c = headstock, d = back gear (other geartrain nearby below drives leadscrew), e = cone pulley for belt drive from an external power source, f = faceplate mounted on spindle, g = tailstock. h = leadscrew.

History

The lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to ancient Egypt and known and used in Assyria and ancient Greece.

The origin of turning dates to around 1300 BC when the Ancient Egyptians first developed a two-person lathe. One person would turn the wood work piece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood. Ancient Rome improved the Egyptian design with the addition of a turning bow. In the Middle Ages a pedal replaced hand-operated turning, freeing both the craftsman's hands to hold the woodturning tools. The pedal was usually connected to a pole, often a straight-grained sapling. The system today is called the "spring pole" lathe. Spring pole lathes were in common use into the early 20th century.

During the Industrial Revolution, mechanized power generated by water wheels or steam engines was transmitted to the lathe via line shafting, allowing faster and easier work. Metalworking lathes evolved into heavier machines with thicker, more rigid parts. Between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, inpidual electric motors at each lathe replaced line shafting as the power source. Beginning in the 1950s, servomechanism were applied to the control of lathes and other machine tools via numerical control, which often was coupled with computers to yield computerized numerical control. Today manually controlled and CNC lathes coexist in the manufacturing industries.