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摘要本课题研究的新型彩色发烟剂从两个方面解决传统配方存在的问题，从安全方面来说，用改性硝酸钡代替氯酸钾作为氧化剂，既克服了氯酸钾反应活性过高造成的安全问题，又解决了纯的硝酸钡不易点燃的缺点，提高了其安全性能；从环保方面来说，使用环保型染料，避免产生有毒有害物质，减少对环境的污染。本实验先通过理论计算,设计改性硝酸钡与不同燃烧剂反应的配方，分别设计成正氧平衡，零氧平衡和负氧平衡的配方，再计算出各配方的燃烧热及燃烧温度，根据染料的碳化温度计算染料比例；根据配方制备彩色发烟剂，点燃并记录实验现象，选择效果较好的配方；最后测量各配方药剂的燃烧速度，感度等性能。实验的带入下结论：19114
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（1）以改性硝酸钡为氧化剂的配方感度低，安定性好，但不易点燃；
（2）而以高氯酸钾为氧化剂的易点燃，但感度高；
关键词 彩色发烟剂 改性硝酸钡 环保染料 配方设计 燃烧温度 撞击感度
毕业论文设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Design of the Safety And Environmental Color Smoke
Abstract
The new type of color smoke agent is designed to solve the problems existing in traditional formula from two aspects, in terms of safety, with the modified barium nitrate instead of potassium chlorate as oxidant, which can not only overcome safety problems caused by the high activity of potassium chlorate, and solved the defect of pure barium nitrate which cannot easily ignited and greatly improved the safety reliability; from the aspects of environmental protection, the use of environmentally dyes, avoid the toxic and harmful substances, reduce the pollution of the environment. In this experiment, first, design the modified barium nitrate with different combustion reaction formula through theoretical calculation, and the formula are positive oxygen balance, zero oxygen balance and negative oxygen balance. Then select the ones with good smoke effect , compared with the formula which used high potassium chlorate as an oxidant. The formula with modified barium nitrate as oxidant are low sensitivity, good stability, but are not easy to ignite, and formula with potassium perchlorate as the oxidant are easily ignited, but the sensitivity is high.So the final design of the formula with two kinds of oxidizer,compared the different proportion of content formula,and select the best formula which can easily ignited and the sensitivity is low, smoke effect is good.
Keywords Color Smoke Security Oxidant Environmental Protection Dyes Formula Design and Performance Ignition Temperature Impact Sensitivity
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 发烟剂研究现状 1
1.2.1 传统发烟剂现状 1
1.2.2 彩色发烟剂现状 2
1.3 本文研究内容 2
2 发烟剂组分设计 3
2.1 氧化剂 3
2.2 可燃剂 4
2.3 染料 5
3 安全环保彩色发烟剂的配方设计 5
3.1 环保型成烟剂的热分解性能 5
3.1.1 仪器与材料 5
3.1.2 测量方法及分析 6
3.2 配方设计 8