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摘要氧差是烟火药影响燃烧性能与燃烧产物的最主要参数，也是烟火型气溶胶灭火剂配方设计的基础。本毕业论文首先选择一种灭火性能良好的配方：氧化剂为KNO3、Sr(NO3)2，可燃剂为蔗糖、Al粉、木炭粉等，粘合剂为酚醛树脂，还添加了石墨、MgCO3。再通过改变配方中的Sr(NO3)2和蔗糖的配比来改变氧值，经实验证明，负氧差从0 g到32 g，其灭火效能一直趋于更佳，但从32 g开始出现喷渣。从灭火效能选择，负氧差为24 g时最佳。最后再选用三种配方，负氧差分别为32 g、28 g、24 g的配方经燃烧后使用傅里叶红外光谱仪来定性比较其中生成的CO、CO2、H2O的量，进一步选出较为清洁的配方，实验证明负氧差为24 g时，CO生成的最少。故而综合考虑，负氧差为24 g时的配方最优。20293
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关键词 S型气溶胶灭火剂 氧平衡 灭火效能 傅立叶变换红外遥测光谱仪
毕业论文设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Effect of Oxygen Balance on The Performance of Aerosol Fire Extinguishing Agent
Abstract
Among the parameters to affect the combustion perfornance and combustion products of pyrotechnic ,oxygen balance value is the main one.A kind of S-extinguishing agent prescription was desinged through a group of experiments.The oxidant of this S-extinguishing agent prescription were a large percent of Strontium nitrate and a comparatively small ammount of Potassium nitrate and its flameable agents were coimposed of sucrose ,Al powder and charcoal powder.Its binder were phenolic resin.There were graphite and MgCO3 as well.It shows in this text that when the oxygen value were changed from 0g to -32 g,the fire extinguishing performance got better.In view of the appearance of the spray residue from -32 g and the best performance to extinguish a fire,the best prescription is the one whose oxygen value was -24 g.Finally,three prescriptions whose oxygen values separately were -32 g,-28 g,-24 g were selected to get burnt and qualitatively compared by the quantaty of CO,CO2 and H2O they produced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to get a cleanest prescription.It tested that when the oxygen value was -24 g,CO was the least.
Key Words S-aerosol fire extinguishing agent； Oxygen balance； Fire extinguishing performance； Fourier transform infrared spectrometertelemetry
目 次
1 引言 1
1.1 气溶胶灭火剂简介 1
1.2 热气溶胶灭火剂的研究进展 2
2 热气溶胶灭火剂原材料的选择以及配方设计原则 2
2.1 原材料的选择 2
2.1.1 氧化剂的选择 3
2.1.2 可燃剂的选择 3
2.1.3 粘合剂的选择 4
2.1.4 其他功能添加剂的选择 4
2.1.5 氧平衡与氧差 4
3 配方设计实验 5
3.1 实验方法 5
3.2 选择配方 5
3.3 结果及分析 6
4 氧差值与灭火效能的实验 7
4.1 不同氧差的配方 7
4.2 实验方法 8
4.3 结果及分析 8
4.3 .1 结果 8
4.3.2 灭火时间/燃烧时间与氧差的关系 9
4.3.3 残渣率与氧差的关系 12
5 红外光谱分析 14
结 论 24
致 谢 26
参考文献 27
1 引言
1.1 气溶胶灭火剂简介
气溶胶作为一种胶体分散体系，是由悬浮在空气中的液体和固体微粒组成，又可称之为气体分散体系；其分散介质是气体，分散相是大小为0.001～100 um的液体、固体小质点。气溶胶灭火剂的分散介质是可以灭火的物质，比如H2O气体和CO2气体，而分散相为液体或者固体微粒。气溶胶本身并不能灭火，是通过其自身的燃烧反应即氧化还原产生灭火性的物质来灭火。气溶胶灭火剂发生燃烧反应生成的气溶胶中固体颗粒很少，主要是金属氧化物如MgO、Al2O3等，碳酸盐或者碳酸氢盐如K2CO3、KHCO3等，以及极少量金属氢化物。而气体占绝大部分，主要是N2、CO、CO2以及H2O[1]。