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摘要：北京市的空气质量问题直接关系到首都的经济发展和生态环境建设，也影响着北京在世界大都市的地位。空气质量的好坏反映了空气污染程度，它是依据空气中污染物浓度的高低来判断的。空气污染是一个复杂的现象，在特定时间和地点空气污染物浓度受到许多因素影响。根据北京市环保局网站的观测资料，通过对北京市各区域不同时间段的空气污染指数进行对比分析和研究，旨在探索北京市空气污染的年际间和年内变化规律及其污染控制对策。本文主要利用HJ663-2013分析了2008年至2013年北京空气质量，包括空气中主要污染物(二氧化硫，二氧化氮，可吸入颗粒物)年平均浓度值变化趋势，计算主要污染物的超标倍数和Spearman秩相关系数。研究结果表明：北京的首要污染物为可吸入颗粒物，在一年当中，6—8月份的气象条件有利于大气污染物的稀释和扩散，大气环境质量相对最好；冬季受气象条件和采暖的影响，春季季风段受西北部沙尘暴的影响，大气环境质量相对较差。根据这个规律，为确保北京市中长期大气环境保护工作目标的实现，进一步降低污染排放、改善城市空气质量提出了具体的对策和建议。24487
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毕业论文关键词：空气质量；污染物；治理措施
Research Beijing's air quality by HJ663-2013
Abstract: Beijing's air quality issue is directly related to the economic development of the capital and its ecologic environment construction;it also affects the status of Beijing in the world cities. The quality of the air reflected the degree of air pollution, which is based on the level of air pollutant concentrations to judge.Air pollution is a complex phenomenon, influenced by many factors at a specific time and place of air pollutant concentrations. This paper, according to the observational data from Beijing Environmental Protection Agency，I analyze and research the different regions air pollution index at different times. It aimed to explore the Beijing air pollution and
changes of the year and Pollution Control Measures.This paper analyzes the Beijing air quality from 2008 to 2013, including major air pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide)，the annual average concentration value trends and the county annual average concentration values of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, respirable particulate matter.The results showed that the primary pollutants in Beijing is the respirable particulate; the meteorological conditions from June to August are conducive to dilute and spread of air pollutants, and therefore the air condition is relative better in this period.Because of the effects of weather conditions and heating in winter as well as the impact of duststorm from northwest in spring, the air condition is relatively poor in quality. According to this rule, suggestions in improving air quality and decreasing the pollution have been put forward.
Key words: air quality; air pollutant ; control measures
目录
1.绪论 1
1.1研究目的和研究意义 1
1.2 研究方法——HJ663-2013环境空气质量评级技术规范 2
1.2.1 适用范围 2
1.2.2 超标倍数计算 2
1.2.3 变化趋势评价 2
1.3 空气污染的危害 3
1.3.1 空气污染对环境的危害 3
1.3.2 空气污染对人体健康的危害 4
2 基本概念 5
2.1 空气质量指数和空气污染指数 5
2.1.1 相关定义 5
2.1.2 分级限制 5
3 北京市空气质量研究 7
3.1 北京市自然环境 7
3.1.1 地理位置 7
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