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摘 要：氯乙烷是一种重要的有机化工原料，广泛应用于香料、农药、医疗、染料等行业，然而其生产过程中会产生副产物二甲醚和二乙醚，如何除去二甲醚和二乙醚对生产高纯度氯乙烷具有重要的意义。本文简述了二甲醚和二乙醚的性质、用途、前景以及二甲醚和二乙醚的合成工艺方案。对含1%氯甲烷的氯乙烷（1万吨/年）混合物进行了精馏分离设计，结果表明：当塔高为23.6米，塔径为0.3米时可获得纯度为99.98%的氯乙烷。55776
毕业论文关键词：二甲醚，二乙醚，盐酸，氯甲烷，氯乙烷
Abstract: Ethyl chloride is an important organic chemical raw material, which is widely used in perfumes, pesticides, medical treatment, dyes and other industries. However, byproducts of dimethyl ether and diethyl ether were produced in the process of production. How to remove them was of great significance to the production of high-purity ethyl chloride. Characteristic, application, prospect and their synthesis technology for dimethyl ether and diethyl ether were described briefly. Ethyl chloride (10000 t/a) mixture containing 1% methyl chloride was separated with the designed distillation tower. The results showed that the 99.98% purity of ethyl chloride was obtained when tower height 23.6 m and diameter 0.3 m.
Keywords: dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, hydrochloric acid, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride
目 录
1 前言 4
2 二甲醚 5
2.1 二甲醚性质 5
2.2 二甲醚应用 5
2.3 二甲醚合成 5
3 二乙醚 6
3.1 二乙醚性质 6
3.2 二乙醚应用 6
3.3 二乙醚合成 7
4 精馏法分离氯乙烷中微量氯甲烷设计 7
4.1 板式塔类型 7
4.2 精馏塔设计步骤 8
4.3 设计方案确定 8
4.4 精馏塔设计说明书 9
4.4.1 设计参数确定 9
4.4.2 流程简介和流程图 10
4.4.3 理论板数的计算和实际板数确定 10
5 精馏塔工艺条件计算 14
5.1 操作压强选择 14
5.2 操作温度计算 15
5.3 平均摩尔质量与平均密度计算 15
5.4 液体表面张力计算 17
5.5 液体平均粘度计算 17
6 精馏塔塔体工艺条件计算 17
6.1 精馏段塔径计算 18
6.2 提馏段塔径计算 18
6.3 精馏塔有效高度计算 19
7 精馏塔塔板工艺尺寸计算 20
7.1 溢流装置 20
7.2 塔板布置及筛孔数目与排列 21
8 筛板流体力学验算 22