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五坐标数控技术是数控技术中难度最大、应用范围最广的技术。在复杂曲面的高效、精密、自动化加工方面，五坐标联动加工更是具有三轴加工所不能比拟的的优势。主要体现在以下几个方面:
1)五坐标加工可有效地避免刀具千涉，加工三轴机床难以加工的复杂零件;
2)对于直纹面的加工，五坐标加工可以采用侧铣的方式一刀成型，加工质量和加工效率高;
3)五坐标加工可以实现一次装夹、多面多工序加工，容易保证产品精度;
4)五坐标加工中刀具相对于工件具有良好的切削状态;
5)对于加工空间受到限制的通道加工和组合曲面过渡区域加工，五坐标加工可以选用较大尺寸刀具避开干涉进行加工，刀具刚性好。
因此，五坐标加工技术一直是数控加工领域内国内外学者的研究热点之一。并且，也一直受到西方国家对我国的技术封锁。因为许多先进武器装备的制造，如飞机、导弹、坦克等的关键零件，都离不开高性能数控机床的加工。五坐标编程技术是五坐标加工技术的关键问题之一。在此对叶轮的三文造型和数控编程技术的各方面内容做一简单概述。
关键词：整体叶轮；五坐标；数控加工工序；刀路轨迹；NC
3D modeling and five-axis NC machining for Φ 200 intergral impeller
Abstract：Integral impeller as power machinery of key components, are widely used in aerospace and other fields, its processing technology has been an important subject in manufacturing.But for 5 _axis free_formed surface machining technology by its unique superiority in complex, high-precision parts processing plays a more and more important role.Paper Φ 200 integral impeller is studied as an example, the geometric shape, tool, cutting tool path planning, NC machining technology is analyzed and the research content, and use the CAM module design the knife road track, the post processing to generate NC file.So as to improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, has great practical significance.
With the design theory and technology, the society to the product persification of the increasingly strong, product updates faster, more variety, small batch production has increased significantly, in the intense market competition requirements of product development and production cycle is shorter and shorter, high efficiency and high quality processing traditional processing equipment and manufacturing method has been difficult to adapt to this kind of persity, flexibility and complex shape parts requirements. Therefore, in recent decades, can effectively solve the complex surface machining, precision, small batch and complex parts processing of CNC machine tools and corresponding NC technology obtained the rapid development and wide application of the manufacturing technology, fundamental changes have taken place in. Three axis NC milling machine is X, Y, Z three direction linkage, therefore can produce 3D surface shape. In twentieth Century 60, abroad in the aviation industry to the production of two rotary motion into the CNC machine tool, using five coordinate NC milling machining parts. Five coordinate milling machine in addition to linear motion X, Y, Z three direction, coupled with the cutter or workpiece around the X, Y, Z in the two axis swing or rotation. Five coordinate NC is the difficulty in NC technology is one of the largest, the most widely used technique, it is a computer control, high performance servo drive and precision machining technology, high efficiency, precision, automation processing is applied to the complex surface. At present, processing more use of NC machining method of three axis, five axis to perform complex surface. The complex structure of impeller, the ship shuttle box of aero engine propeller are typical examples of five coordinate machining.
CNC machining technology in addition to machine tool manufacturing technology of hardware, and is an important technology to NC programming technology, it directly affects the accuracy and efficiency of CNC machining. MIT cooperation with America each aircraft company, developed the first generation of automatic programming of NC machine tool tool APT language, it is a kind of symbolic language to English geometry and tool on the workpiece, the tool relative to the workpiece movement with the definition of. Then, the world has developed different characteristics and professional stronger APT derivative language. Research Department of automation in China machinery industry, aviation technology research and the aircraft factory has developed a PCL, SKC-2, SKC-3, CAM-251, dragon, dragon, 97 81 C-SURF, AD80, NC87, ATP/GI, CAMS, CADS machining and surface modeling / processing system, the whole machine is defined and key parts processing a variety of aircraft models. The application of CAD/CAM general system wide total of Pro/Engineering, UG, CATIA, Master CAM, Solid Works, I-DEAS etc.. Some multi axis CNC machine tool manufacturers of advanced and professional processing factory impeller are introduced NC software dedicated to the impeller. Lack of NC machining for impeller in the our country programming software, a few domestic factories have to realize the advantages, to special software is introduced, but the price is expensive. Impeller NC machining software development China property so imminent.
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