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摘要：棚车是用途最为多的铁路货车车厢之一。截止到2002年底，中国铁路已经拥有91835辆棚车，数量约占货车总数的20%。建国以来，我国自主开发和制造铁路棚车的能力逐步形成。铁路棚车用于防止运输不受日晒雨雪侵袭的成件货物、零担货物以及各种袋装箱装等包装货物，具有可运输货物通用性强、范围广、运输经济、利用率高等优点，肯定将会越来越受到货主的欢迎，潜在市场需求广阔，市场对铁路棚车产品的需求与铁路棚车实际运能的矛盾正逐步显现。迄今为止，我国通用棚车的载重能力已经达到70t，为国民经济的发展做出了巨大的贡献，因此总结我国棚车开发的教训和经验，积极开展80t级通用棚车技术方案研究，确定其合理主要技术参数，做好客货分线后货车技术储备，满足我国铁路运输发展的需要，成为目前十分紧迫的课题。论文介绍了从建国初期到本世纪初过程中，每个发展阶段具有代表性的一些基本车型，每种车型的基本结构以及所存在的问题。随着新工艺，新技术，新材料的不断诞生以及铁路货车转向架，车钩，制动装置等配套零部件的技术完善。如今，研究开发80t级通用棚车已经成为现实。论文中列举了三套总体设计方案，通过参数之间的优缺点对比选定一种相对较为合适的参数进行设计。首先进行主要参数和结构的选取，对现有的车型进行研究、改进，选用新型材料、结构已实现降低自重，增大载重的设计要求。确定了设计基本参数后再对车体底架、侧墙、端墙进行细化设计，并对每个部件进行选型和选材。最后，论文详细介绍了车辆的制动系统，确定了制动方式及制动系统选型，并且对紧急制动时的制动距离进行了校核。通过计算校核了车辆的最小曲线通过半径以及曲线通过时车端部和中部能够通过限界，确保了车辆设计的安全性，可靠性，合理性。23481
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毕业论文关键词：80t级棚车；总体设计；结构型式性能参数
80t general general general general box box box box car car car car scheme scheme scheme scheme
Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract : : : : Boxcar is one of the most versatile of railway freight cars.By the end of 2002,China
has freight car of 91835 boxcars,accouting for about 20% of the total number o f freight
cars. Since the founding of new China, China has gradually formed the ability of independent
development and manufacturing of railway boxcars. Railway wagons for goods, LTL cargo and
bagged box packaging goods transportation from the sun snow or rain, can transport a wide
range of goods, versatility, high utilization rate,transportation advantages, will be more and
more welcome by the owner, the vast market potential market demand, the contradiction of
railway wagons the product demand and railway boxcar actual capacity will gradually appear.
So far, China's general boxcar load capacity has reached 70t, and made great contributions to
the development of the national economy, thus the boxcar development of our country's
experiences and lessons, and actively carry out research on general boxcar technical scheme of
80t,defining the main technical parameters, to reserve wagon technical separation of passenger
and freight traffic, meet the need of the development of the railway transportation in China, has
become a very urgent issue.
This paper introduces from the early days to the beginning of this century in the process, each
stage has some representation of the basic model, the basic structure of each model and the
existence of the problem.As the development of new materials,new technologies continue to be
born and railway freight car bogie, coupler, improve brake parts and other supporting
technology. Now, the development of 80t grade of general boxcar has become a reality.