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摘 要随着我国经济的高速发展，挖掘机的使用更加广泛，需求量越来越大，对其安全性、经济性等方面的要求也越来越高。本课题以6t液压挖掘机为研究对象，首先分析了液压挖掘机的发展历史以及国内外对挖掘机研究的现状，并在此基础上对挖掘机行业的发展方向做一个预测。其次，本设计阐述了课题的研究方法，主要是通过现场测绘获得动臂部分结构的尺寸，再参考其它机型进行挖掘机动臂结构的设计，得到动臂结构尺寸后，利用PRO/E绘制出动臂的三文几何模型，然后导入ANSYS中进行有限元分析。有限元分析技术的使用使本次动臂结构和尺寸的设计更加准确、合理和迅速。在对动臂结构设计的过程中，首先根据使用要求对动臂结构的参数进行初步选择，然后分析计算动臂的受力，画出弯矩图，找出最危险截面，以最危险截面为研究对象，在确定动臂的结构、尺寸。而在有限元分析中，本设计主要是对动臂的结构进行静力分析，首先对动臂模型简化。因为动臂结构相对复杂，采用自由网格形式划分单元。设置约束条件时，根据受力分析，以动臂与工作台的铰点、动臂液压缸与动臂的铰点为约束点。施加载荷时，动臂的铰点位置受到不同大小、方向的力。观察并记录动臂结构的最大应力和最大变形，最大应力发生在动臂与与动臂液压缸的铰点处，最大位移发生在动臂与斗杆的铰点处。然后做出计算，最后分析本次动臂设计是否满足工作要求。通过分析结果可以看出，本次对动臂的结构设计符合要求，余量合适，本次设计达到了对动臂结构设计的目的，这使动臂结构更加合理，性能得到了一定的提升。37254
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毕业论文关键词: 液压挖掘机；动臂；结构设计；有限元分析
Structural design of hydraulic excavator boom and Finite Element Analysis
Abstract With the development of our country, the use of excavators are more widely and the demand is growing. People pay more attention on its security, economic and other aspects . The study focus on a 6t hydraulic excavators .The design firstly analyzes the development history and research at home and abroad excavator hydraulic excavator, and on this basis for the future development trend of excavator industry to make a prediction. Secondly, the design method describes the research topics, mainly on the dimensions of the boom part of the structure through field mapping, then refer to other models were excavator boom structure is designed to give the size of the boom structure, the use of PRO / E Draw 3D models out arm, and then import the ANSYS software for finite element analysis. Finite element analysis technology makes this boom structure and size of the design is more accurate, reasonable and quickly. In the boom structure design process, the first parameter according to the requirement of the boom structure preliminary selection, and then force analysis and calculation of the boom, draw bending moment diagram, identify the most dangerous sections, the most dangerous section of study in determining the boom structure, size. In finite element analysis, the design of the structure is mainly boom static analysis, the first of the boom model simplification. Because the structure of the boom is relatively complex, using free mesh form unit pision. When setting constraints, according to stress analysis to boom and table hinge point, hinge point boom cylinder and the boom of constraint points. When a load is applied, the boom hinge point position by the force of different sizes, directions. Observe and record the boom structure of maximum stress and maximum strain, maximum stress occurs in the hinge point of the boom and the boom cylinder, the maximum displacement occurs at the hinge point of the boom and arm. The final analysis of this boom design meets the job requirements. By analyzing the results can be seen, this structural design boom to meet the requirements, the balance appropriate to achieve the purpose of this design for the boom structure design, which makes the boom more rational structure and the performance has been some improvement.
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