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摘要：本文针对小尺寸弹性零件的刚度测量问题进行论述。提出一种新的刚度自动检测方法,采用基于精密测力传感器和串行结构的微小载荷加载系统对弹性零件连续施加载荷，利用图像测量系统实时检测弹性元件的变形和位移量。理论分析和测试结果表明， 该方法可有效解决小尺寸弹性零件刚度检测中的精度低、操作困难、效率低、通用性差等问题,能够直接得到弹性元件的完整刚度曲线,并可获得优于0.1%的测量精度。该方法可适用于任意形状的弹性零件刚度测量。9322
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本次设计的系统主要分成四个方面，第一是加载系统，根据所需精度和载荷要求，选择电机、丝杠、滑轨等机构，组成加载系统的移动装置。第二是CCD移动机构，该机构需要X-Y两个方向的移动，所以就采用电机、丝杠、滑轨等机构的垂直叠加，分别控制X方向和Y方向的移动。第三是镜头与CCD、光源的选择。按照要求采用合适的精度要求。第四，是针对两种零件设计或选用合适的夹具。最终各个机构采用联接底板或底座按照要求有机结合成一个系统，得到最终系统。
关键词：刚度；测力传感器；图像；测量；控制
Research of Automatic Measurement Method of Stiffness of Flexible Parts
Abstract：The problem about stiffness measurement of flexible parts was discussed.A new automatic stiffness measurement method was put forwarded which bring force to bear on the measured part continuum through an addition system with a force sensor and a serial structure and measuring the displacement of the measured part by an image system.It was proved by theory analysis and practice test that this method can solve the many problems of tradition stiffness measurement methods very well and may obtain both of full stiffness curve and high accuracy over 0. 1%.This method may be used to stiffness measurement of parts in any shape.
The design of the system is pided into four main areas , the first is to load the system , depending on the desired accuracy and load requirements , select the motor , screw, rails and other institutions, loading system composed of mobile devices. The second is a CCD-shift mechanism that requires XY movement in both directions , so with motor , screw , slide and other institutions of vertical stacking , respectively, control the X-direction and Y- direction. The third is the lens and the CCD, the light source selection . In accordance with the requirements of the use of appropriate accuracy. Fourth, is designed for either part or the appropriate choice of fixtures. Final adoption agencies or base plate coupled combination as required into a system , to get the final system .
Key Words：Stiffness;Force sensor;Image;Measurement;Control high
目录
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题的目的和意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状与水平 1
1.2.1手工加载砝码用线纹尺或光学仪器测量位移量.1 1.2.2用电容传感器和单片机组成的刚度测量系统..2
1.2.3基于计算机视觉的弹性体形变测量2
1.3 图像测量技术的优越性..2
1.4 课题的关键与难点 3
2 测量系统总方案设计 4
2.1 任务与要求 4
2.2 系统总体方案设计 5
3 加载系统的设计 6
3.1 系统方案的选择 6
3.1.1机械砝码式推力加载系统.6
3.1.2电液式推力加载系统6
3.1.3采用伺服电机的推力加载系统..7
3.1.4步进电机的推力加载7
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