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摘要在我们的正常的测量工作中，精度的要求往往都显得尤其重要而且一直是困扰我们正常测量工作的主要因素。随着测量仪器的不断发展，诸如全站仪这一类高精度的仪器的应用越来越普遍，正常的等级水准测量在某些情况下，其精度已经捉襟见肘。与此同时，三角高程测量以其使用较方便，不受地形限制, 具有误差小、精度高、效率快等优点受到广泛关注，三角高程测量代替四等水准测量的可能性也渐渐被提出。39512
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本文通过就对同一路段进行四等水准和三角高程的测量，比对结果精度，进而探讨三角高程测量对几何等级水准测量进行替代的可能性。依据对全站仪特点的分析，通过仪器精度对比，两种方法测量过程中存在的误差对比，以及结果的精度要求对比，得出结论三角高程测量代替四等水准测量是确实可行的。并且在这过程中总结了一些利用三角高程测量代替四等水准测量的建议和一些要注意的条件，以及提高精度的的方法。
毕业论文关键词：全站仪；三角高程测量；四等水准测量；精度评定
Abstract In normal measurement of our work，the accuracy requirements are often especially important and has been the main factors of influencing our normal measurement work.With the continuous development of measuring instruments,Measuring instruments such as this type of high-precision total station are becoming increasingly common in the normal level of leveling.Their accuracy have been compromised. Meanwhile trigonometric leveling attaches widespread attention because of its convenient, a small error, high-precision, high-efficiency, and not to be limited by terrain. The possibility of trigonometric leveling instead of fourth-leveling has gradually been raised.
In this paper, through fourth-leveling and trigonometric leveling on the same road, taking the contrast of the accuracy of trigonometric leveling and fourth-leveling discusses the feasibility of trigonometric leveling instead of fourth-leveling. On the basis of on the characteristics of total station, comparing with instrument accuracy, error analysis and results accuracy concludes that trigonometric leveling instead of fourth-leveling is feasible.And in this process, some suggestions of trigonometric leveling instead of fourth-leveling, some of the attention and methods of improving precision are also summarized.
Key words： total station instrument; trigonometric leveling ; fourth-leveling; accuracy analysis
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 研究现状 1
1.3 本文研究内容 2
1.4 研究意义 2
2 原理分析 4
2.1 水准测量 4
2.1.1 水准测量原理 4
2.1.2 四等水准测量的技术要求 4
2.2 三角高程测量 4
2.2.1 三角高程测量原理 4
2.2.2 三角高程测量方法 5
3 可行性分析 8
3.1 误差对比 8
3.1.1 使用仪器的比较 8
3.1.2 误差来源对比 8
3.2 实验分析 10
3.2.1 以对向观测为例进行实验 10
3.2.2 精度分析及结果比对 12
3.3 提高观测精度方法分析 14
4 总结 16
5 展望 17
致 谢 18
参考文献 19
1 绪 论
1.1 引言