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摘要 微带天线以其体积小、加工成本低、易共形、制造简单、易集成等优点受到越来越多的关注。在雷达、移动通信、卫星通信、全球卫星定位系统(GPS)等领域得到广泛的应用。其中令人关注的一种应用是在收发系统中使用圆极化波。高性能圆极化微带天线在当前的应用中非常广泛。天线小型化宽频带技术以及高性能圆极化技术，是当前学术界研究的热点，这也是本文的主要研究内容。 本文对微带天线圆极化和宽频带技术作了一定的研究。 文章中首先介绍了微带天线的工作原理和应用，举例说明了一些典型的圆极化微带天线形式。并给出了两种设计方案，一种是使用单馈方法实现圆极化性能的螺旋缝隙微带天线，另一种是用于展宽带宽的 U 型槽微带天线。仿真软件使用 Ansoft 公司的 HFSS三文电磁仿真软件仿真并设计螺旋天线和 U 型槽天线，给出了天线的详细设计过程，并对实验仿真结果进行分析讨论，证明了设计的可行性。 U型槽天线工作频率为 4.7GHz，阻抗带宽为 13%，轴比带宽为 3.4%，最高增益达8.18dBi。螺旋分析天线工作频率为 1.268GHz，仿真结果表明其阻抗带宽超过50%，轴比带宽达到 9.5%，并且与实测结果相符。 8112
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关键词：宽频带，圆极化，轴比，增益，微带天线 Abstract
Microstrip antennas are finding increasing popularity owing to their advantages
in size, cost, conformity to the supporting structure and ease of fabrication. So they are
widely employed in radar, navigation, satellite and mobile communication systems.
One of the most interesting applications is their use for transmitting or receiving
systems required for circular polarization. High performance circular polarization
microstrip antennas are being used widely nowadays. Thus， the research on wide-band
and dual-band circular polarization antenna techniques has become the hot research
point of the academic area, and this is the main content of this thesis.
In this paper, technologies of circular polarization and broadband have been
studied. Firstly，This paper introduces the working principle and application of
microstrip antennas. The various types of circularly polarized antennas are briefly
introduced. In this paper, two design methods have been proposed. The broadband
circularly-polarized performance from a spiral slot geometry is realized using a single
microstrip feed. The other is an asymmetrical U-slots on the patches to improve the
bandwidth. Use Ansoft HFSS-electromagnetic simulation software to design the
spiral-slot microstrip antenna and the U-slot microstrip antenna and give the details of
experimental results, simultaneously prove the feasibility of the design.
The U-slot antenna is working at 4.7GHz, impedance bandwidth is 13%, axial
ratio bandwidth is 3.4%, and the highest gain is about 8.18dBi. The spiral-slot antenna
is working at 1.268GHz，the simulations reveal that the impedance bandwidth is
greater than 50%，and the axial ratio bandwidth is 9.5%，which is in agreement with
measured result.
Key words: broadband, circular polarization, axial ratio, gain, microstrip antenna
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 绪论 . 1
1.1 研究背景 . 1
1.2 圆极化微带天线的发展现状 2
1.3 本文的主要工作安排 . 3
2 微带天线的基本理论 . 4
2.1 微带天线的定义、分类和工作原理 . 4