摘要治国不必法古,胡服以便国,建立骑邑,是改革中心。改革使赵国强大,赵雍却逝于沙丘之变。赵雍壮年退位,意图构建二元政治,违背了国家政治权力构建的基本规律,使国家中央政权走向分裂;加上赵国废长立幼矛盾爆发,导致沙丘之难讯起。胡服骑射是符合社会历史发展规律的改革运动,它对赵国的历史及战国中后期的历史都产生了重大作用。对于沙丘之变的分析,笔者认为是不仅仅是改革运动的产物,还包括了各种矛盾的结果。41959
毕业论文关键词:赵雍;胡服骑射;二元政治;废长立幼;沙丘之变
Hu Fu riding and shooting of Reformed and sand dunes
Abstract The middle of the Warring States, Zhao Yong Hu Fu riding and shooting made. Country does not have to ancient law, Hu Fu to the country, and the establishment of riding Yap, reform center. Great reforms Guoqiang, Zhao Yong died but changed Dune. Zhao Yong prime abdicate the intention to build two yuan political idea, contrary to the basic laws of the country to build political power, so that the country's central government to split; plus Zhao spent long standing conflict erupted immature, leading to the dunes of hard news from. Hu Fu Archery reform movement is in line with the historical laws of social development, history and post it in the history of the Warring States Zhao had a significant role. For the analysis of the change of the dunes, I believe that not only is the product of the reform movement, but also the result of various conflicts.
Key Words: Zhao Yong; Hu Fu riding and shooting; Dual Political; waste Changli child; change Dune
目 录
摘要I
Abstract-Ⅱ
目录Ⅲ
一、胡服骑射改革--1
(一)背景1
(二)内容-2
二、矛盾与分化7
(一)改革支持派-7
(二)改革的反对派7
(三)改革的阴谋派8
(四)退位原因10
(五)矛盾的分化-10
三、沙丘之变12
(一)根源12
(二)评价14
四、综述15
参考文献…………15
一 胡服骑射改革:
赵武灵王是赵国历史上一位声名显赫的君王。他统治赵国时期,赵国进行了胡服骑射改革,出兵灭掉中山国,向北方扩地千里,赵国历史进入最辉煌时期。在其功烈余晖下,赵惠文王东伐强齐,西败强秦,赵国成为山东诸侯国当中军事实力最为强大的国家。
㈠胡服骑射的背景:
战国中叶,秦国商鞅变法,使偏居关西的西秦成为列国当中最为强大的国家。“秦孝公二十年,诸侯毕贺。秦使公子少官率师会诸侯逢泽,朝天子。”[ ]改革使国强,不改革使国弱,正所谓:顺之者昌,逆之者亡。改革变成了当时列国强大的一个方向。此起彼伏的变法运动,成为赵武灵王变法改革的时代基础。赵武灵王继位之初,赵国已经是一个山东大国,都城在邯郸,位于黄河中下游的黄河北岸。其疆域西讫陕西东北部,向东延伸至山西中部,再横向跨有河北至山东省西北部,兼今河北以及河南北部一部分,东西狭长,中部却嵌入着中山国。论及赵国的国际环境,则更加险恶:
“西有虎视耽耽的强秦和剿悍善战的楼烦、林胡,南有魏、楚、韩,中有处在赵国腹地而又经常侵扰的中山,东有强大的齐国,北有燕国和东胡。赵国处于列强包围之中,史书称之为‘四战之国’。”[ ]
然而堂堂一个兵数十万,车千乘的山东大国,在战国中期的屡次对外战争中,却多以战败而告终:
“(赵武灵王)十年,秦取我中都及西阳。十三年,秦拔我蔺,虏将军赵。”[ ]“慎靓王二年楚、赵、魏、韩、燕同伐秦,攻函谷关。秦人出兵逆之,五国之师皆败走。”[ ]